Lecture XIII

• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Myelination: not all axons
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Myelination. Unmyelinated axons will share schwann cells
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Myelination. Slower conduction velocity
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Myelination. Often sensory associated with sensory neurons
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Myelination. Will be seen in ANS or autonomic nervous system
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Myelination. Can heal very very slowly
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Repair Steps. Wallerian degeneration: break down any damage neuron and glial cell structures
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Repair Steps. Wallerian degeneration. Clear away debris
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Repair Steps. Wallerian degeneration. Schwann cells do mitosis to create a pathway for axon
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Axon. Myelin Sheath and Schwann Cells. Repair Steps. Wallerian degeneration. Neuronal axon follows the tube
• Unmyelinated like old wifi, slow. Myelinated like new wifi, fast
• Macrophage clear everywhere except brain and the spinal cord
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Telodendria. Branches off axon
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Telodendria. Allow axon to send signal to multiple cells
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Synaptic Knob (Terminal Boutons). Store neurotransmitters, any or many types
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Synaptic Knob (Terminal Boutons). Each neuron only makes one type of neurotransmitter
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Satellite Cells. Only PNS cells or peripheral nervous system cells
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Satellite Cells. Surround the cell body and dendrites
• Neuronal Structure. Basic Multipolar Neuron. Satellite Cells. Monitor and control interstitial fluid
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells: central nervous system neuroglia
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Astrocytes. Multifunctional cells
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Astrocytes. Brain growth in mass
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Astrocytes. 3D shape of brain and spinal cord
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Astrocytes. Hold pia mater in place
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Astrocytes. Fill in gaps: scar tissue
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Astrocytes. Blood brain barrier protects
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Astrocytes. Great at everything, perfect at nothing
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Ependymal Cells. Line central canal and ventricles
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Ependymal Cells. Filter cerebrospinal fluid
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Ependymal Cells. Cerebrospinal fluid made of glucose, oxygen, amino acids, electrocytes
• Astrocyte is like the bouncer, sometimes makes mistakes in entry. Ependymal cells catch those mistakes
• Cerebrospinal fluid is like the promiseland for bacteria
• Microglia are like mall cops
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Microglia. "Fight" pathogens, but not good at it
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Microglia. Clean up leftovers from dead cells
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Oligodendrocytes. Myelinate central nervous system
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Oligodendrocytes. Can interact with multiple axons
• Neuronal Structure. Support Cells. Oligodendrocytes. Help organize axons
• Teenagers brain not fully myelinated because oligodendrocytes are slow
• Synaptic Communication. Synapse is a neuron talking to other cell