history

• What are chronicles in the context of medieval historical writing?


  Chronicles are detailed accounts of events in chronological order.
• How do chronicles differ from annals?


  Chronicles provide detailed accounts, while annals are usually short factual year-by-year records.
• What was the aim of historical writing in the medieval period?


  The aim was to relate what had happened, educate, encourage good, and warn against wrongdoing.
• What can chronicles reveal about their writers and audiences?


  They can convey historical, political, and cultural attitudes.
• What are the main types of chronicles from the period 1450-85?


  • Monastic chronicles
  • Town chronicles
  • Brut chronicles
  • Histories
• What role did monasteries play in the production of chronicles until the mid-fifteenth century?


  Monasteries were important centers for the production of chronicles.
• Why were monks well-informed about national events?


  They were well-placed in towns and received important visitors.
• What criticisms have historians made about town chronicles?


  They are seen as uncritical of their sources and lacking analytical depth.
• What is a notable feature of Brut chronicles?


  They include stories of omens, such as drops of blood as signs of battles.
• What genre of writing emerged by the 1460s during the Yorkist kings' reign?


  The genre of writing known as histories emerged.
• How do histories differ from chronicles?


  Histories focus on explaining events rather than just describing them.
• What are some pitfalls in using chronicles as historical evidence?


  Chronicles may have geographical biases and often lack firsthand accounts of events.
• What types of government records are mentioned as sources for historians?

  Chancery Patent Rolls, Close Rolls, Exchequer documents, law court records, and Parliament rolls.
• What types of public information sources are mentioned?

  • Proclamations
  • Manifestos
  • Newsletters
  • Political ballads
• What is the significance of Cade's Manifesto from Jack Cade?


  It lists complaints and grievances of the rebels, reflecting their aims during the rebellion.
• What does the Croyland Chronicle cover?


  It covers events from 616 to 1117 and includes a continuation up to January 1470.
• What is the value of the Second Continuation of the Croyland Chronicle?


  It provides a detailed narrative of events during the reigns of Edward IV and Richard III.
• Who was Dominic Mancini?


  An Italian cleric and humanist who wrote about events in England after Richard III's coronation.
• What is the main focus of Mancini's manuscript?


  It mainly discusses events following the death of Edward IV and includes a character sketch of the king.
• How might Mancini's perspective be influenced in his writings?


  His perspective may be influenced by hindsight and his desire to please his patron.
• What was the purpose of the visit mentioned in the text regarding Henry's accession?


  To set his people free from the evils that had afflicted them.
• Who was Dominic Mancini?


  An Italian cleric and humanist who came to England in 1482.
• Why did Mancini write an account of recent events in England?


  To document the usurpation of the throne and what he had seen and heard.
• What caution should be taken when using Mancini as a source?


  He may have been influenced by hindsight and propaganda.
• What is the main interest of Mancini's manuscript?


  The three months following the death of Edward IV.
• What does Mancini's character sketch of Edward IV emphasize?


  Edward's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville and the Woodville influence.
• What is the English Chronicle also known as?

  'Davies', after its nineteenth-century editor.
• What is the coverage period of the English Chronicle?


  It covers events from the foundation of Britain to 1461.
• What does the English Chronicle reveal about London citizens' views during the Yorkist reign?


  Many supported York and the war with France for economic benefits.
• What significant event does the English Chronicle detail in 1450?


  Cade's rebellion.
• What is the significance of Francesco Coppini's support for the Yorkists?


  He was sent to England to win support for a Crusade but sided with the Yorkists.
• What does Gregory's Chronicle record?


  Major events in London from 1189 to 1469.
• How does Gregory's Chronicle display bias?


  It shows a southern bias and is well-informed about London events.
• What does the Harleian manuscript 433 document?


  Grants of land and appointments made by Richard III.
• What is the purpose of Hearne's Fragment?


  To document what the author heard Edward IV say and witnessed.
• What is the main focus of the Historie of the Arrivall of King Edward IV?


  The events from Edward IV's arrival from Burgundy to his recovery of the throne.
• How does the Historie portray Edward IV?


  As a brave leader supported by God throughout his campaign.
• What does John Blacman's account emphasize about Henry VI?


  Henry's sense of morality and religious devotion.
• Who was Jean de Waurin?


  A Burgundian soldier and chronicler who wrote about English events.
• What is the significance of the letters from fifteenth-century families?


  They provide insights into national politics and local matters.