evaluation

• Who conducted a case study supporting the Working Memory Model (WMM) involving patient KF?


  Shallice and Warrington
• What type of memory ability did patient KF have difficulty with after his brain damage?


  Short-term memory for verbal information
• What could patient KF process normally after his brain damage?


  Visual information presented visually
• What does KF's case suggest about the phonological loop?


  It suggests that the phonological loop was damaged while other memory areas remained intact
• Why might evidence from brain-damaged patients be considered unreliable?


  It concerns unique cases with traumatic experiences
• What did Baddeley et al. (1975) study to support the separate existence of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?


  Dual-task performance
• What was the finding of Baddeley et al. (1975) regarding performing two visual tasks simultaneously?


  Participants had more difficulty doing two visual tasks than a visual and verbal task
• Why do participants experience increased difficulty when performing two visual tasks?


  Both visual tasks compete for the same slave system
• What does the increased difficulty in dual-task performance suggest about the visuo-spatial sketchpad?


  It indicates that there is a separate slave system for processing visual input
• What do cognitive psychologists suggest about the central executive component of the WMM?


  It is unsatisfactory and lacks clarity
• What did Alan Baddeley say about the central executive in 2003?


  It is the most important but least understood component of working memory
• What do some psychologists believe about the central executive?


  It may consist of separate components
• What does the word length effect demonstrate about the phonological loop?


  People find it harder to remember long words than short words
• Why does the word length effect occur according to Baddeley et al. (1975)?


  There is a finite space for rehearsal in the articulatory process
• What happens to the word length effect when a person is given an articulatory suppression task?


  The word length effect disappears
• What is an example of an articulatory suppression task?


  Repeating 'la la la' while trying to remember words
• What did Braver et al. (1997) find in their brain scanning studies related to the central executive?


  Greater activity in the left prefrontal cortex as tasks became harder
• What does the increased activity in the left prefrontal cortex suggest about the central executive?


  As demands on the central executive increase, it has to work harder