Key players in obtaining energy security

• TNCs


  • Explore, exploit and distribute energy
  • E.g. Gazprom, Rosneft
  • Gazprom - 8.3m BOE/day 2014-15
  • Rosneft - 4.7m BOE/day 2014-15
• OPEC - Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries


  • IGO - intergovernmental organisation
  • Stabilise oil markets
  • Control 81% of the world's oil reserves
• Consumers


  • Create demand
  • Can control oil companies
  • E.g. buying an electric car
  • Expansion of nuclear energy and fracking are controversial
• National governments


  • Supporting country's economic growth
  • Regulating roles of private companies
  • E.g. EDF - France