unit 5

• What was the main idea behind Manifest Destiny in the 1840s?


  It was the belief that Americans were destined to expand across the continent.
• How did Manifest Destiny influence American expansion in the 1840s?


  It led Americans to acquire lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
• What territories did the US gain during the Manifest Destiny period?


  The US gained Texas, California, and other territories.
• What changes in the early Antebellum era encouraged westward expansion?


  Changes included Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase and improvements in transportation.
• What was the impact of Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase?


  It doubled the size of the USA.
• How did Lewis & Clark’s exploration contribute to westward expansion?


  It confirmed the economic potential of the western territory.
• What economic factors led to a desire for more western lands?

  The growth of King Cotton and commercial farming increased the demand for land.
• How did improvements in transportation affect westward expansion?


  They increased speed and profitability of travel and trade.
• What was the population growth of the U.S. from 1800 to 1860?


  The population grew from 13 million to 30 million.
• How many U.S. states were there by 1860?


  The number of U.S. states grew from 13 to 30.
• What was the population change in Ohio during westward expansion?

  Ohio’s population grew from 50,000 to 1.5 million.
• What conflicts arose due to westward expansion?

  Conflicts included the Black Hawk War and violations of treaty agreements with Indians.
• What did the Treaty of Fort Laramie establish?


  It created a vast territory for Native Americans.
• What motivated Americans to travel west despite dangers?


  They sought new economic opportunities and land.
• What were the main trails used for westward expansion?

  The Oregon, Santa Fe, and Mormon Trails.
• What was the purpose of the Oregon Trail?


  It led thousands of farmers to the fertile lands of Oregon.
• What was the significance of the Santa Fe Trail?


  It allowed the U.S. to sell goods to Mexico.
• Who founded the Mormon Church and what happened to them?


  Joseph Smith founded the Mormon Church and was persecuted, leading to their move West.
• Where did Brigham Young lead the Mormons to settle?


  Salt Lake City, Utah.
• What was the impact of the California Gold Rush?


  It led to a population boom in California and the West.
• What were the demographics of the Forty-niners during the Gold Rush?


  They came from the East, Latin America, Europe, and Asia.
• What was the conclusion regarding Manifest Destiny by the end of the 1800s?


  The USA had achieved Manifest Destiny with a continental empire.
• How did westward expansion affect the economy?


  It stimulated the economy significantly.
• What sectional issues grew as America expanded?


  Sectional issues over slavery increased.
• What reforms emerged in the 1830s to address problems in America?


  Reforms included temperance, education, women's rights, and abolitionism.
• What was the significance of abolitionism by the 1840s?


  Abolitionism became the most significant reform adding tension between the North and South.
• Who was John C. Calhoun and what was his view on slavery?


  He was a supporter of slavery and believed states should defy anti-slavery laws.
• What did Frederick Douglass advocate for?


  He was an abolitionist who believed slavery was wicked and violated liberty.
• What was William Lloyd Garrison known for?


  He was the most famous abolitionist and published The Liberator.
• What actions did Garrison take to support his viewpoint on slavery?


  He burned the Constitution and argued for Northern secession.
• Who were the Grimke Sisters and what did they do?


  They were the first women to speak to audiences with men and advocated against slavery.
• What was George Fitzhugh's perspective on slavery?


  He believed slaves were "inferior" and better off in America than Africa.
• How did sectionalism manifest in the antebellum era?


  The North and South became vastly different regions with conflicting interests.
• What was the impact of "King Cotton" on the South?


  It transformed the South into a mainly agricultural region reliant on slavery.
• What characterized the North during the antebellum era?


  The North had industrial factories, cities, and a larger population.
• What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?


  It was an agreement to maintain the balance of free and slave states.
• What was the significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin?


  It depicted slavery as a moral evil and inspired many to join the abolitionist cause.
• What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 introduce?


  It used Popular Sovereignty to determine the status of slavery in new territories.
• Who passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act?


  Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854.
• What was the role of Popular Sovereignty in the Kansas-Nebraska Act?


  It allowed the settlers of a territory to decide the issue of slavery.