bioenergetics

• What is the process that plants use to trap light energy?

  Photosynthesis
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic reaction
• From where does a seedling get energy to grow?

  From light energy trapped by photosynthesis
• Where does photosynthesis take place in a plant?

  In the leaves
• What green chemical in leaves absorbs light energy?

  Chlorophyll
• What are the two main substances that plants take in for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• What is produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

  Oxygen
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
• What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?

  CO₂
• What is the chemical formula for water?

  H₂O
• What is the chemical formula for glucose?

  C₆H₁₂O₆
• What is the chemical formula for oxygen?

  O₂
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when light intensity is increased?

  The rate of photosynthesis increases
• What does it indicate if light intensity is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis is not at maximum rate
• What happens when light intensity is increased beyond a certain point?

  The rate of photosynthesis levels off
• What is the limiting factor when light intensity is no longer increasing the rate of photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide level
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when carbon dioxide levels are increased?

  The rate of photosynthesis increases
• What does it indicate if carbon dioxide is a limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis is not at maximum rate
• What other factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Amount of chlorophyll and temperature
• How does temperature affect the enzymes involved in photosynthesis?

  Higher temperatures increase enzyme activity
• What happens to enzymes if the temperature continues to increase?

  They will denature
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when enzymes denature?

  The rate of photosynthesis falls
• What are the key factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Light intensity
  • Carbon dioxide level
  • Amount of chlorophyll
  • Temperature
• What is the overall process of photosynthesis?

  1. Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll.
  2. Carbon dioxide and water are taken in.
  3. Glucose and oxygen are produced.
• What is produced during photosynthesis?

  Glucose and oxygen
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when light intensity is low?

  • Rate of photosynthesis is zero.
  • Increasing light intensity increases the rate.
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
• How is glucose used in respiration?

  To release energy
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when carbon dioxide levels are low?

  • Rate of photosynthesis is low.
  • Increasing carbon dioxide increases the rate.
• Where does respiration take place in plant cells?

  In the mitochondria
• How does chlorophyll affect photosynthesis?

  • More chlorophyll allows for more light absorption.
  • Less chlorophyll reduces the rate of photosynthesis.
• When does photosynthesis produce glucose?

  During the day when there's light
• How does temperature influence photosynthesis?

  • Higher temperatures increase enzyme activity.
  • Excessive heat denatures enzymes, reducing the rate.
• What is the second use of glucose produced by photosynthesis?

  To produce starch for storage
• How can starch be converted back to glucose?

  When the plant needs it, such as at night
• What do plants convert glucose into for energy storage?

  Fats and oils
• What is cellulose made from?

  Glucose produced by photosynthesis
• What is the final use of glucose produced in photosynthesis?

  To produce amino acids
• What do plants need to absorb to make amino acids from glucose?

  Nitrate ions from the soil
• What are the main uses of glucose produced in photosynthesis?

  • Release energy in respiration
  • Produce starch for storage
  • Convert to fats and oils for energy
  • Synthesize cellulose for cell walls
  • Produce amino acids for proteins