mitosis

• What are the stages of mitosis?


  1. Prophase
  2. Prometaphase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
  6. Cytokinesis
• What is the role of the spindle assembly checkpoint during metaphase?


  It ensures that all chromosomes are attached to spindles and aligned
• What is the centromere's role in mitosis?


  It is the center of a chromosome where spindles attach
• What is the relationship between centrosome duplication and mitosis?


  • Centrosomes duplicate during S phase
  • Essential for proper spindle formation during mitosis
• What is the primary purpose of mitosis?


  Growth, repair, and asexual reproduction
• What are the three main functions of mitosis?


  • Growth (more cells)
  • Repair (replace cells)
  • Asexual reproduction (new organism)
• What happens during prophase of mitosis?


  • Chromosomes condense and become visible
  • Chromosomes are duplicated (sister chromatids)
  • Centrosomes separate and form mitotic spindle
  • Nuclear membrane breaks down
• What occurs during metaphase of mitosis?


  • Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes at kinetochores
  • Chromosomes align at the equator of the spindle (metaphase plate)
• What are the key events in anaphase of mitosis?


  • Centromeres separate and chromatids are pulled apart
  • Spindle fibres pull chromatids towards opposite poles
  • Chromatids are now called chromosomes again
• What happens during telophase of mitosis?


  • Chromosomes reach opposite poles
  • Nuclear membranes reform
  • Chromosomes decondense
• What is the mitotic index?


  It is the number of cells in the mitotic phase
• How does mitosis contribute to asexual reproduction?


  It produces genetically identical daughter cells
• what is the purposes of mitosis


  growth - new cells

  Repair - replace cells

  Asexual reproduction - new organisms
• what occurs during prophase in mitosis 


  chromosomes condense

  chromosomes are duplicated, consisting of 2 sister chromatids

  centrosomes separate and begin to form mitotic spindle fibres

  nuclear membrane breaks down
• how many chromosomes are in prophase and metaphase

  46
• How many chromatids are in prophase and metaphase 


  92
• How many chromosomes are there in anaphase?


  92
• How many many chromatids are there in Anaphase – we don’t use the term chromatids anymore


  92
• What do the chromosomes number 1 to 22 code for


  Characteristics
• What does does the number 23 chromosome code for?


  Sex