History Tension and Conflict 1894-1918

• What event ignited the First World War on 28 June 1914?


  The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• What does the acronym MAIN stand for in the context of the causes of the First World War?


  Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
• How did militarism contribute to the First World War?


  European countries increased the size of their armed forces and developed deadlier weapons
• What role did alliances play in the lead-up to the First World War?


  Countries formed agreements to support one another in the event of war
• What was the significance of imperialism in the context of the First World War?


  There was a competition among European nations for territories, particularly in Africa
• How did nationalism contribute to the tensions in Europe before the First World War?


  Patriotic sentiments led countries to prove their superiority, particularly in Britain and Germany
• What were the key themes summarized in the table regarding the causes of the First World War?

  • Militarism: Increased armed forces and weapon development
  • Alliances: Agreements for mutual support
  • Imperialism: Competition for territories
  • Nationalism: Rise of patriotic sentiments
• What were the two alliances formed in Europe by 1914?

  The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
• When was the Triple Alliance formed?


  1882
• When was the Triple Entente formed?


  1907
• Why did Germany form an alliance with Austria-Hungary?


  Germany feared a future French attack
• What was Kaiser Wilhelm II's ambition for Germany?


  To make Germany a world power to rival Britain and France
• What was the significance of the Entente Cordiale signed in 1904?


  It settled disputes between Britain and France and declared peace
• How did Britain view the growing power of Germany?


  As a serious threat to itself and its empire
• What was France's concern following its defeat by Germany in 1870?


  France was concerned about a future conflict with Germany
• What internal problems did Russia face before the First World War?


  Russia suffered a series of internal problems resulting in revolution in 1905
• What were the key events of the Moroccan Crises in 1905 and 1911?


  • 1905: Kaiser Wilhelm II supported Moroccan independence, leading to a conference where Germany was backed down by Britain and France.
  • 1911: France sent troops to Morocco, Germany sent a gunboat, leading to another conference where France's control was confirmed.
• What did the 1908 crisis reveal about Russia and Serbia's willingness to confront Austria-Hungary?


  They were not prepared to risk a war with Austria-Hungary and Germany
• What was the outcome of the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913?


  Serbia became the dominant power in the Balkans
• How did the Balkan Wars affect Austria-Hungary's view of Serbia?


  Austria-Hungary could not tolerate a resurgent and increasingly powerful Serbia
• What was Kaiser Wilhelm II's view of the British Royal Navy?


  He was impressed and wanted Germany to possess a similar navy
• What was the naval arms race between Britain and Germany?


  Both nations sought to build the greatest naval force, leading to heightened tensions
• What was the name of the new type of battleship launched by Britain in 1906?

  HMS Dreadnought
• How did Germany's military preparations compare to those of Britain before the war?


  Germany had a large, well-trained army, while Britain relied on a smaller, well-equipped force
• What were the military strategies of the major powers before the First World War?


  • Germany: Schlieffen Plan to defeat France quickly before turning to Russia
  • Britain: British Expeditionary Force (BEF) of 150,000 men for rapid deployment
  • Austria-Hungary: Relied on Germany to hold back Russia
  • France: Plan 17 aimed to advance into Germany
• What was the main goal of the Schlieffen Plan?


  To defeat France quickly before turning attention to Russia
• How did the naval arms race impact relations between Britain and Germany?


  It heightened tensions and led to mutual distrust
• What was the significance of the Anglo-Russian Entente signed in 1907?


  It marked a shift in Britain's view of Russia as less of a threat
• What was the impact of the Balkan Wars on Serbia's territorial expansion?


  Serbia doubled in size after the Balkan Wars
• How did the internal problems in Russia affect its position before the First World War?


  Internal problems weakened Russia's ability to confront external threats
• What was the role of Kaiser Wilhelm II in escalating tensions in Europe?


  His unpredictable nature increased tensions between European powers
• What was the outcome of the 1911 Moroccan Crisis for Germany?


  Germany received additional territories in Central Africa
• What did the 1905 Moroccan Crisis reveal about the Entente Cordiale?


  It showed that the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France was strong
• How did the Balkan League's formation affect the balance of power in the Balkans?


  It allowed Serbia and its allies to defeat the Ottomans and gain territory
• What was the significance of the Anglo-German rivalry in the context of the First World War?


  It contributed to the tensions that led to the outbreak of war
• How did the naval arms race influence military strategies of the major powers?


  It led to increased military preparations and competition among nations
• What was the impact of the naval arms race on Britain's military strategy?


  Britain focused on maintaining naval superiority with advanced battleships
• How did the alliances formed before the First World War affect the likelihood of conflict?


  They created a situation where a conflict between two countries could escalate into a larger war
• What was the significance of the Schlieffen Plan for Germany's military strategy?


  It was crucial for Germany to defeat France quickly to avoid fighting a two-front war
• How did the internal issues in Russia affect its alliances before the war?


  Internal problems weakened Russia's position and ability to support its allies