Eukaryotic cells from

• What is the function of the cell surface membrane?


  It controls what can enter and exit the cell.
• What is the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?


  It has ribosomes on its surface.
• What is the function of ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?


  They are the site of protein synthesis.
• What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?


  It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.
• What are lysosomes and their function?


  Lysosomes are vesicles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials.
• What is the function of mitochondria?


  They are the site of aerobic respiration and ATP production.
• What is the structure of mitochondria?


  They have a double membrane with an inner membrane folded into cristae.
• What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes?


  Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger and described as 80S, while prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.
• What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?


  They provide structural support and store substances like sugars and amino acids.
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?


  Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis.
• What is the composition of the plant cell wall?


  The plant cell wall is made up of cellulose.
• What is the function of the plasma membrane?


  It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
• What are the key functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?


  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Protein synthesis
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Synthesis and storage of lipids and carbohydrates
• How do lysosomes and vacuoles differ in function?

  • Lysosomes: Digestive enzymes for breaking down waste
  • Vacuoles: Structural support and storage of substances
• What are the similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts?


  Similarities:

  • Double membrane structure
  • Involved in energy processes

  
  

  Differences:

  • Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration
  • Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis
• What is the significance of the nuclear envelope?


  • Double membrane
  • Contains pores for transport
  • Protects genetic material within the nucleus
• What is the role of the nucleolus?


  • Site of rRNA production
  • Involved in ribosome assembly
• What is the function of the cytoplasm?


  • Site of metabolic processes
  • Contains organelles and cytosol
• What is the role of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the plasma membrane?


  • Act as receptors
  • Involved in cell recognition and signaling
• What is the significance of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?


  • Maintains membrane fluidity
  • Stabilizes membrane structure
• What is the process of exocytosis?


  • Release of substances from the cell
  • Involves vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane
• What is the function of the centrosome?

  • Involved in cell division
  • Organizes microtubules
• Explain the cell theory ( 3 Points )

  All living organisms are made up of one or more cells 

  Cells are the basic functional unit in living  organisms

  New cells are produced from pre existing cells