ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

• WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF NOT ENOUGH OXYGEN ON AEROBIC RESPIRATION?

  • no final acceptor of electrons from electron transport chain
  • electron transport chain stops
  • no more ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation
  • r.NAD and r.FAD not oxidised by electron carrier
  • no oxidised NAD and FAD available for dehydrogenation in Kreb's Cycle
  • Kreb's Cycle stops
• WHY CAN ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION OCCUR?

  some cells are able to oxidise r.NAD produced in glycolysis so it can be used for further hydrogen transport

  -> glycolysis continues and small amounts of ATP are produced
• HOW CAN ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION OCCUR?

  • ethanol fermentation
  • lactate fermentation
• GENERAL PROCESS OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION?

  r.NAD transfers hydrogens to ethanal to produce ethanol
• PROCESS OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION?

  • pyruvate decarboxylated
  • producing ethanal and CO2
  • ethanal reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase
• WHAT IS THE HYDROGEN ACCEPTOR IN ETHANOL FERMENTATION?

  ethanal
• WHAT IS THE WASTE PRODUCT IN ETHANOL FERMENTATION?

  ethanol
• GENERAL PROCESS OF LACTATE FERMENTATION?

  r.NAD transfers hydrogens to pyruvate producing lactate
• PROCESS OF LACTATE FERMENTATION?

  • pyruvate reduced to lactate
  • by lactate dehydrogenase
• WHAT IS THE H ACCEPTOR IN LACTATE FERMENTATION?

  pyruvate
• WHICH CAN BE FURTHER METABOLISED LACTATE OR ETHANOL?

  lactate
• HOW CAN LACTATE BE FURTHER METABOLISED?

  1. Oxidised back to pyruvate
  2. Converted into glycogen for storage in liver
• WHAT HAPPENS WHEN LACTATE OXIDISED BACK TO PYRUVATE?

  requires extra oxygen (oxygen debt)

  -> why animals breathe deeper and faster