Local context of Whitechapel

• What was Whitechapel known for in the late 19th century?

  It was one of London's poorest districts.
• What were the main social issues faced by Whitechapel in the late 19th century?

  High levels of unemployment, poverty, and discontent.
• How polluted was Whitechapel during this time?

  It was so polluted that visibility was often very low.
• What was the sanitation situation in Whitechapel?

  Sanitation was very poor with little healthy drinking water.
• How many people were estimated to be homeless in Whitechapel?

  Approximately 1,000 out of a population of 30,000.
• Who shared the district of Whitechapel with long-established Londoners?

  Recent Irish, Jewish, and Eastern European immigrants.
• What were the overcrowded slums in Whitechapel called?

  Rookeries.
• How many people lived in one rookery in 1877?

  757 people in 123 rooms.
• What percentage of the population lived in temporary accommodation in Whitechapel?

  Around a quarter of the population.
• How many lodging houses were estimated to be in Whitechapel?

  Over 200 lodging houses.
• What was the impact of the living conditions in Whitechapel on the community?

  It created an unsettled population without fixed homes or strong ties.
• In which part of London was Whitechapel located in the late 19th century?

  East End
• How did the living conditions in Whitechapel contribute to crime?

  They directly contributed to high levels of crime and violent demonstrations.
• What was established in Whitechapel in 1881 to improve housing conditions?

  The Peabody Estate.
• What were the main social issues faced by Whitechapel in the late 19th century?

  High levels of unemployment, poverty, and discontent
• Who funded the Peabody Estate?

  George Peabody, a wealthy American.
• How did pollution in Whitechapel affect daily life?

  It made it difficult to see your own hand in front of your face
• How many blocks of flats were built in the Peabody Estate?

  11 new blocks of flats.
• What was the sanitation situation in Whitechapel?

  Very poor, with little healthy drinking water and sewers running into the streets
• What types of jobs did many workers in Whitechapel have?

  They were often factory workers in sweatshops.
• What were the working conditions like for factory workers in Whitechapel?

  The hours were long, the wages low, and the conditions poor.
• What was the estimated homeless population in Whitechapel out of 30,000 residents?

  1,000
• What was the purpose of workhouses in Whitechapel?

  To provide accommodation and work for the poor.
• Who shared the district of Whitechapel with long-established Londoners?

  Recent Irish, Jewish, and Eastern European immigrants
• What were the overcrowded slums in Whitechapel called?

  Rookeries
• How were conditions in workhouses compared to typical living conditions?

  Conditions were deliberately made worse than typical living conditions.
• How many rooms and people were in the rookery mentioned in 1877?

  123 rooms with accommodation for 757 people
• When was the first orphanage opened by Dr. Thomas Barnardo?

  In 1870.
• What fraction of the population lived in temporary accommodation in Whitechapel?

  Around a quarter
• Who set up orphanages in Whitechapel?

  Dr. Thomas Barnardo.
• What was the impact of temporary accommodation on the population of Whitechapel?

  It created an unsettled population without fixed homes or strong ties to the local community
• How did the living conditions in Whitechapel contribute to crime levels?

  They directly contributed to high levels of crime and violent demonstrations
• What model housing district opened in Whitechapel in 1881?

  The Peabody Estate
• Who funded the Peabody Estate?

  George Peabody, a wealthy American
• What types of jobs did many workers in Whitechapel have?

  Factory workers in sweatshops
• What were the working conditions like for factory workers in Whitechapel?

  Long hours, low wages, and very poor conditions
• What was the purpose of workhouses in Whitechapel?

  To provide accommodation and work for the poor
• How were conditions in workhouses designed to affect the poor?

  They were made worse than typical living conditions to discourage entry
• Who set up orphanages in Whitechapel?

  Dr. Thomas Barnardo
• When was the first orphanage opened by Dr. Thomas Barnardo?

  In 1870