Electron Configuration

Created by

daisy

Cards (12)

What is an orbital? 
A region of space that can hold a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
What is the Aufbau/building principle?  
Electrons always fill the lowest energy orbital first.
What is Hunds rule? 
Electrons never pair up in the same orbital until all orbitals of the same energy are singularly occupied and all unpaired electrons have parallel spin.
What is Pauli exclusion principle? 
Only 2 electrons may occupy the same orbital and they must do so with opposite spin.
What is the exception in electron configuration for chromium? 
A half full set of 3d orbitals is more energetically stable than a full 4s orbital.
What is the exception in electron configuration for copper? 
A full set of 3d orbitals is more energetically stable than a full 4s orbital.
Which electrons are removed first from transition metal atoms to form ions?  
The 4s electrons are lost first.
What is periodicity? 
The repeating pattern of a physical and/or chemical properties in the periodic table.
What is first ionisation enthalpy? 
The enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of electrons is removed from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state to form one mole of unipositive gaseous ions.
Why does the first ionisation energy increase as you go across periods?
Increasing number of protons/ increasing nuclear charge
Same amount of shielding (removed from same energy level)
More energy needed to remove electron (stronger electrostatic forces of attraction)
Why does the first ionisation energy decrease as you go down groups?
Atoms get bigger (more energy levels full)
More shielded from nucleus
Less energy needed to remove electron (weaker electrostatic forces of attraction)
Why do successive ionisation energies increase in magnitude? 
Each subsequent electron needs more energy as it is being removed from a positive ion of increasing nuclear charge. There's an increasing electrostatic force of attraction between outer electron and nucleus.