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PHAY0002
PHAY002; Stoichiometry
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Cards (42)
What does
n(Cl)
represent?
Amount of
chlorine
atoms
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What does
n(Cl2)
represent?
Amount of
chlorine
molecules
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Why do we use the term
entities
instead of molecules?
Because it includes
ionic substances
and
atoms
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What does one
mole
of a substance contain?
As many
elementary entities
as there are atoms in
0.012 kg
of
carbon-12
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What is
Avogadro's number
?
6.022
×
1
0
23
6.022 \times 10^{23}
6.022
×
1
0
23
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What must be specified when using the mole?
The
elementary entities
involved
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How many molecules are in 1 mol of
aspirin
?
About
6.022
×
1
0
23
6.022 \times 10^{23}
6.022
×
1
0
23
C9H8O4
molecules
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How is a
mole
described in terms of quantity?
It is a number like "
dozen
" or "
billion
"
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What is the
formula
to calculate the amount of substance?
n
=
n =
n
=
N
N
A
\frac{N}{N_A}
N
A
N
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How can the amount of
substance
be calculated if the mass is known?
n
=
n =
n
=
M
M
r
\frac{M}{M_r}
M
r
M
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What must the
molar mass
be in if the mass is measured in
grams
?
g mol
−
1
^{-1}
−
1
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How do you calculate the amount of aspirin in a tablet containing 300 mg?
Convert 300 mg to grams and use
n
=
n =
n
=
M
M
r
\frac{M}{M_r}
M
r
M
View source
How do you calculate the mass and amount of sodium pertechnetate in a typical injection?
Use
n
=
n =
n
=
N
N
A
\frac{N}{N_A}
N
A
N
and then
m
=
m =
m
=
n
×
M
r
n \times M_r
n
×
M
r
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How do you calculate the amount of water in
sodium sulphate decahydrate
?
Use
n
=
n =
n
=
0.5
mol
×
10
H2O
0.5 \text{ mol} \times 10 \text{ H2O}
0.5
mol
×
10
H2O
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What
units
are used for volumes of liquids?
mL
and L
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What is the relationship between cm
3
^{3}
3
and mL?
1 cm
3
^{3}
3
is equal to 1 mL
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What is the relationship between dm
3
^{3}
3
and L?
1000
cm
3
^{3}
3
is equal to 1 dm
3
^{3}
3
which is equal to
1 L
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What is
concentration
?
The quantity of substance per
unit volume
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What are typical units for
concentration
?
g dm
−
3
^{-3}
−
3
, mg cm
−
3
^{-3}
−
3
, mol dm
−
3
^{-3}
−
3
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What is
amount concentration
?
Concentration measured in
moles
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What is the
symbol
for
amount concentration
?
Lower case italic c
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How is
molarity
defined?
As
mol dm
−
3
^{-3}
−
3
or
mol L
−
1
^{-1}
−
1
View source
How do you calculate the
molarity
of a
potassium iodate
solution?
Use
c
=
c =
c
=
n
V
\frac{n}{V}
V
n
where n is the amount in mol and V is the volume in
dm
3
^{3}
3
View source
How do you calculate the
molarity
of a
0.9%
m/v sodium chloride solution?
Convert 0.9% to
grams
per
volume
and use
c
=
c =
c
=
n
V
\frac{n}{V}
V
n
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What is the difference between
amount of substance
and
concentration
?
Amount is total
quantity
, concentration is quantity per
volume
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How do you calculate the amount of sodium in a
0.1
m
sodium sulphate
solution?
Use
n
=
n =
n
=
c
×
V
c \times V
c
×
V
where c is the concentration and V is the volume
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How do you calculate the total amount of
sodium chloride
when mixing two solutions?
Add the amounts calculated from each solution
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How do you calculate the
glucose concentration
in a
25 mL
solution?
Use
c
=
c =
c
=
n
V
\frac{n}{V}
V
n
where n is the amount in
mol
and V is the volume in dm
3
^{3}
3
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How is
percentage composition
commonly expressed in medicines?
As
grams
or
milliliters
of drug per
100 g
or
100 mL
of medicine
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What is the most common way to express
percentage composition
?
On a
mass in mass
basis
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How do you calculate the percentage of
zinc oxide
in a paste?
Use
mass of zinc oxide
total mass
×
100
%
\frac{\text{mass of zinc oxide}}{\text{total mass}} \times 100\%
total mass
mass of zinc oxide
×
100%
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How do you calculate the
percentage mass
in
volume composition
of
sodium chloride
?
Use
mass of sodium chloride
volume of solution
×
100
%
\frac{\text{mass of sodium chloride}}{\text{volume of solution}} \times 100\%
volume of solution
mass of sodium chloride
×
100%
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How do you calculate the
percentage
of
chloroform
and
acetone
in a mixture?
Use
volume of component
total volume
×
100
%
\frac{\text{volume of component}}{\text{total volume}} \times 100\%
total volume
volume of component
×
100%
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Why should volume in
volume percentage compositions
be used for approximate work?
Because the final volume is rarely equal to the sum of
individual volumes
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What is the distinction between a
1:5 ratio
and a
1 part in 5
solution?
A 1:5 ratio means
1 mL
of the first component in 6 mL total, while 1 part in 5 means 1 mL in
5 mL
total
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What is the purpose of determining
stoichiometry
in
chemical reactions
?
To
balance
the components on each side of the equations
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What factors affect the
efficiency
of chemical reactions?
Reaction conditions, choice of
reactants
, and
properties
of starting materials
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What is the
limiting reagent
in a
chemical reaction
?
The reagent that runs out first and limits
product formation
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How do you calculate the
yield
of a reaction?
By comparing the amount of
product
obtained to the
expected
amount
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What does a yield greater than
100%
indicate?
Possible
contamination
or weighing error
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See all 42 cards
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