MODULE 6: PRODUCT AND PROCESS DESIGN

• It refers to the process of creating a new product or improving an existing one to meet customer needs, ensuring it can be produced efficiently and economically.

  Product Design
• Focuses on creating products or services tailored to meet the specific needs and preferences of customers.

  Customer Centric Product Design
• Emphasizes understanding customer behavior, expectations, and challenges to develop solutions that deliver maximum value

  Customer Centric Product Design
• ELEMENTS of Customer Centric Product Design

  • Understanding Customer Needs
  • Empathy Mapping
  • Prototyping and Testing
  • Personalization and Flexibility
  • Focus on Usability
• It is a valuable framework for understanding how products evolve in the market, from introduction to decline.

  Product Life Cycle
• Key Factors Affecting PLC

  • Innovation
  • Competition
  • Market Saturation
  • Customer Preferences
• Applications of the Product Life Cycle in Business Strategy

  • Forecasting Sales and Revenue
  • Product Portfolio Management
  • New Product Development (NPD)
  • Marketing and Pricing Adjustments
• By understanding where a product is in its life cycle, companies can estimate future sales trends and allocate resources accordingly.

  Forecasting Sales and Revenue
• Companies manage a portfolio of products at different life cycle stages.

  Product Portfolio Management
• Awareness of the PLC encourages continuous innovation.

  New Product Development (NPD)
• The PLC helps inform marketing campaigns and pricing strategies, ensuring they align with the current stage.

  Marketing and Pricing Adjustments
• Product Life Cycle

  1. Introduction
  2. Growth
  3. Maturity
  4. Decline
• Compelling and innovative design for early adopters.

  Introduction
• Refine product design, enhance features and usability, explorevariations or extensions (e.g., new models, colors).

  Growth
• Focus on differentiation through design improvements.

  Maturity
• Simplify design, focus on the most profitable features.

  Decline
• Stages in Product Design

  1. Idea Generation
  2. Feasibility Analysis
  3. Preliminary Design
  4. Prototyping
  5. Final Design
• Ideas are sourced from customers, competitors, or internal teams

  Idea Generation
• A product’s technical, financial, and market feasibility is assessed.

  Feasibility Analysis
• Specifications and basic designs are developed.

  Preliminary Design
• A working model is built for testing.

  Prototyping
• The product is refined for mass production

  Final Design
• Product Design Tools/ Software

  • CATIA
  • OptiTex
  • AutoCAD
• Factors Impacting Product Design

  • Market Trends
  • Customer Needs
  • Technology
  • Legal Requirements
  • Sustainability
• Shifts in consumer preferences and competitors' actions can dictate design changes.

  Market Trends
• Understanding customer demands through surveys, interviews, or data analysis shapes product features

  Customer Needs
• Innovations in manufacturing and materials can enable more efficient production.

  Technology
• Compliance with industry standards and regulations is necessary.

  Legal Requirements
• Environmental impact plays a critical role, with a focus on eco-friendly designs.

  Sustainability
• It refers to the decision-making process that organizations use to choose the appropriate production or service delivery method.

  Process Selection
• Based on factors like volume, variety, and flexibility, and align withproduct design, market demand, and resource availability

  Process Selection
• Types of Production Processes

  • Job Shop
  • Batch
  • Assembly Line
  • Continuous Flow
  • Project
• Characteristics: High flexibility, low volume, highly customized work

  Job Shop
• Characteristics: Moderate volume, flexible for different product batches

  Batch Process
• Characteristics: High volume, standardized production in sequence

  Assembly Line
• Characteristics: Very high volume, non-stop production

  Continuous Flow
• Characteristics: One-of-a-kind, unique products, long time frame

  Project
• Factors Influencing Process Selection

  • Volume and Variety Requirements
  • Product Design and Customization
  • Flexibility
  • Lead Time and Speed
  • Capital Investment and Cost
  • Technological Capability
• Under Volume and Variety Requirements in Process Selection, automated and standardized processes (continuous flow, assembly lines) MEANS

  High-volume
• Under Volume and Variety Requirements in Process Selection, flexible processes(job shops, batch) MEANS

  Low-volume