Group IIIB

• Why are elements in Group IIIB sometimes referred to as inner transition elements?


  Because they are part of the lanthanide and actinide series
• What oxidation states do Group IIIB metals typically show?

  They generally show a +3 oxidation state
• Which element in Group IIIB can also exhibit +4 or +2 oxidation states?

  Cerium
• How do the chemical properties of Group IIIB elements compare to other groups?

  • Fall between aluminum and alkaline earth metals
  • Form colorless compounds in tetravalent form
  • Lower oxidation states tend to be colored
• What atomic numbers define the Lanthanide series?


  57-71
• What atomic numbers define the Actinide series?

  89 - 103
• Why are Lanthanides referred to as rare earth elements?


  Because they are found in nature in mixtures that are difficult to separate
• What types of elements are included in the Actinide series?

  Both naturally occurring and synthetically prepared elements
• What is a characteristic of Actinides beyond uranium?

  They are radioactive isotopes
• What are the uses of Scandium and Yttrium in pharmacy?


  • Limited use due to rarity and reactivity
  • Yttrium is used in certain radiopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment
• Why is Cerium of interest in pharmacy?

  Because of its two oxidation states
• What is the oxidation state of Cerous Cerium?


  +3
• What is the oxidation state of Ceric Cerium?


  +4
• In what applications is Cerous Cerium used?


  In certain chemical reactions and pharmaceutical applications
• What is the role of Ceric Cerium in laboratory settings?


  It is used as an oxidizing agent