Carbohydrates

    Cards (19)

    • 3 disaccharides
      sucrose
      Maltose
      Lactose
    • 3 monomers
      • monosaccharides
      • Amino acids
      • Nucleotides
    • 3 monosaccharides
      • glucose
      • Galactose
      • Fructose
    • 3 polysaccharides
      • starch
      • Cellulose
      • Glycogen
    • describe Benedict’s test for non reducing sugars
      • negative result= Benedict’s reagent remained blue
      • Hydrolyse non reducing sugars (eg sucrose) into their monomers by adding hydrogen chloride
      • Heat in a boiling water bath for a few minutes
      • Neutralise the mixture using sodium carbonate solution
      • Proceed with usual Benedict’s test
    • describe benedicts test for reducing sugars
      • add equal volume of benedicts reagent to a sample
      • Heat the mixture in a boiling water bath for a few minutes
      • Positive result= colour change from blue to orange / brick red (darker the red the higher the concentration of sugar)
    • definition of disaccharide
      Pair of monomers combined together
    • Formula for glucose
      C(6)H(12)0(6)
    • Glucose + glucose
      Maltose
    • Glucose + fructose
      Sucrose
    • glucose + galactose
      Lactose
    • How are disaccharides formed
      Via a condensation reaction
    • Monosaccharide
      Single monomer
    • Polymer
      Made from a large number of monomers bonded together
    • Bond disaccharides are joined by
      Glycosidic bond
    • Isomer
      Same molecular formula different structure
    • Four types of biological molecules
      • carbohydrates
      • Lipids
      • Proteins
      • Nucleic acids
    • Elements found in carbohydrates
      • carbon
      • Hydrogen
      • Oxygen
    • Properties and uses of glucose
      • soluble: transported around organisms
      • Bonds store lots of energy: energy release when bonds are broken