Negele and kaufhold et Al (2015)

• The aim of this study was to examine recalled childhood trauma in chronically depressed patients
• 349 chronically depressed patients completed a ‘Childhood Trauma Questionnaire’
• 75.6% of the chronically depressed patients reported significant histories of childhood trauma & 37% reported multiple trauma’s
• Therefore an association between childhood trauma & chronic cases of depression was found
• This supports a Freudian perspective of early childhood experiences influencing mental illnesses and behaviour in adulthood