British History - Civil War and Revolution (1603-1714)

• What years did the period of significant upheaval span?

  1603 to 1714
• What major events characterized the period from 1603 to 1714?

  The Union of the Crowns, English Civil War, abolition of the monarchy, and the Glorious Revolution
• What was the outcome of the English Civil War?


  The temporary abolition of the monarchy
• What revolution marked the end of this period?

  The Glorious Revolution
• What did the Glorious Revolution lead to?

  the overthrow of King James II in England and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy under William III and Mary II.
• What were the key political and social changes during the period from 1603 to 1714?

  • Union of the Crowns under James I
  • English Civil War
  • Temporary abolition of the monarchy
  • Glorious Revolution
  • Establishment of the Protestant House of Hanover
• What years did the Jacobean Era span?


  1603–1625
• What significant event occurred in 1603 regarding the crowns of Scotland and England?


  James VI of Scotland became James I of England, uniting the crowns.
• Despite sharing a monarch, what remained true about Scotland and England during the Jacobean Era?


  They remained legally separate entities with distinct governments and laws.
• Which royal house ruled both England and Scotland during the Jacobean Era?


  The House of Stuart
• What was the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 aimed at achieving?


  It was a failed conspiracy to blow up Parliament and assassinate James I to restore Catholic influence.
• What was the consequence of the discovery of the Gunpowder Plot in England?


  It led to heightened anti-Catholic sentiment in England.
• What religious movement did Scotland embrace through its Presbyterian Church?

  Calvinism
• How did the embrace of Calvinism in Scotland affect its relationship with England?


  It created tensions with England’s hierarchical Anglican Church
• What was the established church in England?

  Anglicanism
• What tensions existed within the established church in England?

  Tensions persisted between Anglicans, Puritans, and Catholics
• What was the predominant religion in Ireland?

  Catholicism
• What ongoing conflict did the predominance of Catholicism in Ireland create?


  It created ongoing religious and political conflict with Protestant English rulers
• Charles' attempts to raise revenue through taxation without parliamentary approval led to conflict with Parliament.
• The English Civil Wars were fought between the Royalists, who supported King Charles I, and Parliamentarians, who opposed him.
• Who succeeded James I as king in 1625?


  Charles I
• What belief did Charles I hold that contributed to political tensions?


  He believed in the divine right of kings
• How did Charles I's relationship with Parliament affect his reign?


  His refusal to compromise with Parliament created deep political tensions
• What was the main reason for the rise of Puritanism during this period?

  Puritans were dissatisfied with the Church of England
• What did the Puritans demand from the monarchy?

  • removal of catholic influences
  • simpler worship and doctrine
  • greater moral discipline
• What action did Parliament take regarding public theater in 1642?

  Parliament banned public theater, viewing it as immoral and frivolous
• What were the key events and themes of the Caroline Era (1625–1642)?

  • Charles I succeeded James I in 1625.
  • Belief in the divine right of kings led to political tensions.
  • Rise of Puritanism demanding religious reforms.
  • Parliament banned public theater in 1642, viewing it as immoral.
• What years did the English Civil War take place?


  1642–1651
• Who were the supporters of the monarchy during the Civil War?

  Royalists, also known as Cavaliers
• What groups made up the Royalists during the Civil War?


  Nobles, Anglicans, and others loyal to Charles I
• What were the supporters of Parliament called during the Civil War?

  Parliamentarians, also known as Roundheads
• Who primarily made up the Parliamentarians?


  Many were Puritans or middle-class citizens
• What significant event occurred in 1649 during the Civil War?


  The execution of Charles I
• Why was the execution of Charles I significant?


  It marked a radical departure from traditional monarchy
• What was the outcome for Charles I after the defeat of the Royalists?


  He was tried for treason and executed
• What period is referred to as the English Interregnum?


  1649–1660
• What significant event marked the beginning of the English Interregnum?

  The execution of Charles I
• How long was England without a monarch during the Interregnum?


  Eleven years
• What was the political status of England during the Interregnum?


  England was without a monarch
• Who emerged as the leading figure of the Republic from 1649 to 1653?


  Oliver Cromwell