theory of evolution

• Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

  Charles Darwin
• What was the basis for Darwin's theory of natural selection?


  His observations during a worldwide expedition and studies of geology and fossils
• What are the key points of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?


  • Variation exists within a species
  • Individuals with favorable characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce
  • Favorable characteristics are passed on to the next generation
• When did Darwin publish "On the Origin of Species"?


  1859
• Why did Darwin's ideas face controversy after publication?


  They challenged religious views and lacked sufficient evidence
• What was not fully understood at the time of Darwin's publication?


  The mechanisms of inheritance and variation
• What did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck propose about inheritance?


  Characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime could be inherited
• What happened to Lamarck's idea of inheritance?


  It was eventually disproven for most traits
• How did the theory of evolution develop over time?


  • Contributions from multiple scientists
  • Evolving understanding of genetics and inheritance
  • Integration of new evidence from various fields
• Who independently proposed the theory of natural selection alongside Darwin?


  Alfred Russel Wallace
• What is Alfred Russel Wallace known for in addition to natural selection?


  His work on warning coloration in animals
• What is speciation?


  • Occurs when two populations of a species become so different that they can no longer interbreed
  • Results in the formation of two new species
• What are the steps of speciation?


  1. A population becomes isolated (e.g., geographically)
  2. Each isolated group undergoes different mutations and experiences different environmental pressures
  3. Differences accumulate over time, leading to the inability to interbreed
• What is a key factor that allows bacteria to evolve rapidly?


  Their fast reproduction rate
• How does antibiotic resistance arise in bacteria?


  It arises when bacteria mutate, and the resistant strains survive and reproduce
• What are the recommended practices to reduce the spread of resistant bacteria?


  • Doctors should prescribe antibiotics only when necessary
  • Patients should complete the full course of antibiotics
  • Use of antibiotics in agriculture should be restricted
• Why is the development of new antibiotics considered slow and costly?


  Because it involves extensive research and testing
• What is the relationship between antibiotic resistance and bacterial reproduction?


  Resistant strains survive and reproduce due to mutations