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Cards (140)
What is the technique used to separate mixtures?
Distillation
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What is the main difference between evaporation and distillation?
Distillation
separates by vapor and
liquid
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What does filtration separate?
Insoluble
substances
from a liquid
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How does distillation work?
Heats solution and collects
condensed
vapor
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What is chromatography used for?
Separating
mixtures
by
solubility
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What are the differences between compounds, elements, and mixtures?
Element: One type of
atom
Compound: Two or more elements
chemically
joined
Mixture: Two or more substances not chemically joined
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What is an element?
A substance made of one type of
atom
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What is a compound?
Two or more
elements
chemically
joined
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What is a mixture?
Two or more
substances
not
chemically
joined
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What is the nucleus of an atom?
The
dense
center
of
an
atom
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What are subatomic particles?
Particles that make up an
atom
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What is the atomic number?
The number of
protons
in an atom
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What are the key discoveries about the atom by historical figures?
Democritus
: Matter made of
indivisible
particles
John Dalton
: Atoms are identical for
elements
Ernest Rutherford
: Atom has a
positive
nucleus
Niels Bohr
:
Electrons
orbit the nucleus
James Chadwick
: Existence of
neutrons
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What did Niels Bohr discover about electrons?
Electrons
move
in
specific
orbits
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What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same
protons
, different
neutrons
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How is relative atomic mass calculated?
Adding
neutrons
and
protons
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What is the electron arrangement in an atom?
1st
shell
: Holds 2
electrons
2nd
shell: Holds 8 electrons
3rd
shell: Holds 8 electrons
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What charge does an electron have?
Negative
charge
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What is the mass of a proton?
1
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What is the mass of a neutron?
1
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What is the mass of an electron?
1
1840
\frac{1}{1840}
1840
1
​
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How do isotopes differ from each other?
Different numbers of
neutrons
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What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
New
substances
are created
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How do compounds differ from mixtures?
Compounds are
chemically
joined, mixtures are not
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What is the charge of a proton?
Positive
charge
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What is the charge of a neutron?
No
charge
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What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
charge
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What is the significance of the atomic structure?
It determines the
properties
of
elements
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How do the discoveries of different scientists contribute to atomic theory?
Each discovery built on
previous
knowledge
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What is the mass number of an atom?
Sum of
protons
and
neutrons
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How does the arrangement of electrons affect an atom?
It influences
chemical bonding
and
reactivity
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What is the significance of the periodic table?
It organizes elements by
atomic number
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How do mixtures differ from compounds in terms of separation?
Mixtures
can be
separated
physically
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What is the role of the nucleus in an atom?
It contains
protons
and
neutrons
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What happens to the properties of substances during a chemical change?
They
change
to
form
new
substances
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How do the historical models of the atom reflect scientific progress?
They show evolving understanding of
atomic structure
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What is the charge of a proton?
Positive
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What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
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How do isotopes differ in terms of neutrons?
They have different numbers of neutrons
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How does the arrangement of electrons affect an atom's reactivity?
It determines how
atoms
bond
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See all 140 cards
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