Memory

• What is echoic storage?


  Auditory or sound information
• What is the capacity of short term memory? 


  7+/-2 items
• What is the capacity of long term memory? 


  Unlimited
• How do you recall memories from long term memory in the MSM?

  The memories have to be retrieved back into short term memory
• What is the capacity in terms of MSM?


  How much information can be stored
• What is encoding in terms of MSM?


  Forms in which memory is retrieved
• What is duration in terms of MSM?


  How long a store can hold information for
• What is iconic storage? 


  Visual information in your sensory memory by closing your eyes and for a brief moment you can see an after image of what you were looking at
• Who invented the multi-store model of memory?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
• What is the multi-store model of memory?


  The multi-store model of memory is a theoretical framework that describes memory as consisting of three separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
• How do you get from sensory memory to STM in the MSM?


  Paying attention to something
• How do you get from STM to LTM in the MSM? 


  Prolonged rehearsal
• How do you keep things in the STM in the MSM? 


  Maintenance rehearsal
• What can happen at each stage of the MSM?


  Decay/forget
• What is semantic LTM? 


  Meanings, understandings and other concept based knowledge
• Is semantic LTM conscious or unconscious memory?


  Conscious
• What is amnesia? 


  Severe form of memory loss
• Where would the brain light up if you were asked to recall a semantic memory? 


  Left prefrontal cortex
• Where would the brain light up if you were asked about episodic memory? 


  Right prefrontal cortex
• Where would the brain light up if asked to recall procedural memory? 


  Motor area
• What is LTM?


  Something that stays in the memory system for a long period of time
• What are the three types of LTM?


  • Procedural
  • Semantic
  • Episodic
• What is procedural LTM?


  Performance of a particular action
• Is procedural LTM conscious or unconscious?


  Unconscious
• What is episodic LTM? 


  Remembering events in an individuals life?
• Is episodic LTM conscious or unconscious?


  Conscious
• What is cued recall? 


  When trying to remember something you get a cue that helps you remember it
• What is free recall?


  Recalling information without any cues or prompts.
• What is semantic processing?


  Deep processing- thinking about the meaning
• What is structural processing?


  Shallow processing- involved in thinking about the appearance of words
• What is phonetic processing? 


  Middle processing- thinking about the sounds of words
• What is visual encoding? 


  The process of encoding images
• What is acoustic encoding? 


  When memories are stored in terms of what they sound like
• What is semantic encoding? 


  Refers to encoding by meaning, the ability to understand and use concepts
• What are three types of retrieval?

  Recognition, cued recall, free recall
• What is recognition retrieval? 


  When you recognise an answer choosing the correct answer from multiple choices
• What are the three processes of memory?

  Encoding

  Storage

  Retrieval
• What is encoding? 


  The process of changing information into a readable format so it can be stored
• What is storage? 


  Holding information in the memory system
• What is retrieval? 


  Recovering information from storage