types of LTM

• define episodic memory.


  a LTM memore store for personal events, includes mempried of when event occurred, and of people, objects, place, and behaviours involved. MEMORIES FROM THIS STORE ARE RETRIEVED CONSCIOUSLY, WITH EFFORT.
• define semantic memory


  a LTM memory store for our knowledge of the world, including facts+knowledge of what words, concepts mean. RECALLED DELIBERATELY
• define procedural memory


  a LTM memory store for our knowledge how to do things. INCLUDES memories of skills we learnt. e.g riding a bike.

  RECALLED without making a conscious or deliberate effort.
• Who proposed the types of LTM?

  which year?

  Endel Tulving, 1985
• describe a strength: clinical evidence {AO3}

  case studies, like HM and Cline Wearing.

  Eposodic memory was severely impaired due to brain damage (caused by operation and infection respectively) but SEMANTIC memories were unaffected.- still understooding meanings of words.

  E.G HM couldn’t recall stroking a dog half hour before, but didn’t need concept of “dog“ explained to him. PROCEDURAL MEMORIES were intact, CLIVE WEARING knew how to read music, sing, play piano.—-SUPPORTS TULVINGS VIEW of different memory stores in LTM- where one store is damaged and others are unaffected.
• Describe a counterpoint for case studies evaluating strength.{AO3}


  Case studies tell us how the memory works normally, but a limitation is the lack of control over variables. the brain injuries experienced by participants was unexpected- the researcher had no way of controlling what happened before or during the injury. Also, the researcher had no previous knowledge of participants memory before the incident so its difficult to judge how bad the impacts are.

  • this lack of control limits what clinical studies can tell us about types of LTM.