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Factors Affecting EWT
Anxiety
Evaluation
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Cards (16)
What alternative explanation is suggested regarding
Johnson and Scott's
study on weapon focus?
It may be testing
surprise
rather than anxiety.
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What was the setting of
Pickel's
(
1998
) experiment?
A
hair-dressing salon
.
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What were the four items the confederate could hold in
Pickel's
experiment?
Scissors,
handgun
, wallet, or
raw chicken
.
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What did
Pickel's
findings suggest about the weapon focus effect?
It is due to
unusualness
(surprise) rather than
anxiety
.
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What issue arises from not testing what is intended in studies like
Johnson and Scott's
?
It causes low
internal validity
.
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Why is
anxiety
difficult to measure in research?
It includes
cognitive
,
behavioral
,
emotional
, and
physical
elements.
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Which elements of anxiety were present in
Johnson
and
Scott's
study?
Cognitive
and
emotional
elements.
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What does the
Yerkes-Dodson law
focus on regarding
anxiety
?
Physiological elements of arousal
.
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What is a
consequence
of the
inconsistency
in measuring anxiety across studies?
It causes low
reliability
and low
explanatory power
.
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What type of
experiments
are most studies on
anxiety
?
Field experiments
or those using natural events.
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What are some
extraneous variables
that can affect anxiety studies?
Individual differences
, time differences, distraction, post-event discussion,
media influence
, rehearsal.
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How do
extraneous variables
affect
internal validity
in
anxiety studies
?
They can lead to measuring something other than the independent variable.
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What is a
counterargument
to using
extraneous variables
in
anxiety research
?
It is more realistic than conducting a lab experiment.
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What
ethical concerns
arise from creating or manipulating
anxiety
in research?
It can cause
psychological harm
to participants.
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What
argument
is made regarding the use of real events in
anxiety research
?
It may be
acceptable
as the anxiety is not caused by the research itself.
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What is suggested about the
benefits
of
anxiety research
compared to its costs?
The benefits of the research may
outweigh
the costs.
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