2.2. Programming

• What are variables?


  Named memory addresses that holds value (that can usually be changed).
• What is an identifier?


  A name of a variable.
• What does a variable do?


  It stores data in a memory location - it can have a single data type, but the contents can be changed throughout running the program.
• What is a constant?


  It stores data in a memory location - it can have a single data type, and the contents cannot be changed while the program is running.
• What can an identifier be?


  The name of a:

  1. Variable
  2. Function
• What is input?


  Entering data into the system.
• What is output?


  Displaying data from the system.
• What is an assignment?


  Allocating data to a variable.
• What is an increment?


  An increase in the value of a variable.
• What is concatenation?


  Joining two strings or variables together.
• What are some examples of comparison operators?

  ==, !=, <, <=, >, >=.
• What is ==?


  Is equal to.
• What is !=?


  Is not.
• What is <, or >?


  Smaller than, or bigger than.
• What is <= and >=?


  Smaller or equal to, and bigger or equal to.
• What are some examples of arithmetic operators?


  +, -, *, /, and ^.
• What is + and -?


  Addition and subtraction.
• What is *?


  Multiplication.
• What is /?


  Division.
• What is ^?


  Exponent - the power of...
• What are some examples of Boolean operators?


  AND, OR, and NOT.
• What does MOD do?


  Divides the number and returns the remainder.
• What does DIV do?


  Divides the number and returns the whole number value.
• What is a sequence?


  Set of code running line by line, in an order.
• What is selection?


  Code making a decision on which line to run based on a condition.
• What is iteration?


  Repeating or looping codes.
• What are the kinds of iterations?


  1. Count controlled - loops a set for a number of times
  2. Condition controlled - loops based on conditions being true or false
• What is a count controlled iteration?


  FOR.
• What is a condition controlled iteration?


  While.
• What are some common data types?

  String, integer, Boolean, real, character.
• Explain each data type:

  1. String - any value (text, numbers, symbols...)
  2. Integer - holds whole numbers
  3. Boolean - holds true or false
  4. Real - holds decimal numbers
  5. Character - holds a single character
• What is casting?


  Turning one data type to another.
• How can we produce a random number in Visual Basics?


  Dim rn As New Random

  Dim num As Integer

  num = rn.Next(1, 6)
• Input and output in Visual Basics


  • Input - name = Console.ReadLine()
  • Output - Console.WriteLine(name)
• What are two examples of selections?


  IF and SWITCH.
• Switch code example


  Switch Case day

  Case "Sat"

  Console.WriteLine("Saturday")

  Case "Sun"

  Console.WriteLine("Sunday")

  End Switch
• What is a FOR loop?


  A count controlled loop used when you know how many times the code will be repeated.
• For loop in Visual Basics


  For i = 0 to 9

  Console.WriteLine("Loop")

  Next
• What is a while loop?


  A condition controlled loop used when you don't know how many times a set of code will be repeated - it will loop the code while the condition is true.
• What is a DO UNTIL loop?


  A condition controlled loop that is similar and can be used instead of WHILE, however unlike WHILE, it runs at least once.