Ethics - Milgram (1963) Study

• Informed Consent: participants were not told the true nature of the study, so did not give full informed consent.
• Deception: participants were led to believe the learner was a real participant and roles were assigned fairly.
• Deception: participants were led to believe the electric shock generator was real.
• Deception: participants were led to believe the experiment was for scientific benefit, as the researcher was wearing a lab coat.
• Right to Withdraw: participants were not given the right to withdraw immediately. They had to ask four times before they were allowed to stop.
• Confidentiality: participants were video and audio recorded during the experiment.
• Confidentiality: participants' names were not published.
• Protection from Harm: participants suffered from moral strain and showed high levels of anxiety.
• Protection from harm: some participants showed physical signs of distress.
• Debriefing: participants received a full debriefing and was reunited with the learner at the end.
• Debriefing: participants were offered support for months following the study.