muscular system

• FUNCTIONS MUSCULAR SYSTEM

  1.locomotion

  2.Respiration

  3.Visceral motion

  4. Eject blood from the heart
• Locomotion

  skeletal muscles
• Respiration

  intercostals and diaphragm
• Visceral motion

  smooth muscles
• Eject blood from the heart

  (cardiac mm)
• Skeletal muscle

  have muscular striations

  -attached to skeleton

  -voluntary
• Tendons

  bind mm to bones
• Smooth mm

  absence of striations

  -found in different organs

  -involuntary
• Cardiac mm

  have striations

  limited to the heart and great big/blood vessels

  involuntary, has its own neuromuscular element
• Attachment of skeletal mm

  1.origin

  2.insertion

  3.muscles are attach to bones through tendons
• Origin

  more fixed(immovable) point of attachment

  correspond to head of the muscle (proximal)
• Insertion

  movable point; corresponds to the distal end of mm
• Muscular forms

  a.Unipenniform/unipennate

  b.Bipenniform/bipennate

  c.Multipenniform/multipennate

  d.fusiform
• Unnipenniform

  fibers are parallel to one another
• Bipenniform

  fibers coverage toward a common tendon
• multipenniform

  fibers runs parallel in several direction
• Fusiform

  fibers are almost parallel to one another
• Transition of muscular coverings

  Epimysium

  Perimysium

  Endomysium
• Epimysium

  surrounds the muscle organ
• Perimysium

  surrounds the muscle fascicle/fasiculi
• Endomysium

  surrounds the individual muscle fiber
• Nomenclature of muscles

  1.form or shape

  2.attachment

  3.action

  4.position

  5.direction

  6.Number of heads
• Skeletal muscle physiology

  Sacroplasm

  Sacrolemma

  Sarcoplasmic reticulum

  Myofibrils

  Myofilaments

  Myoglobin
• Coracobrachialis

  brachii "arm"
• Omo Hyoid

  (Inserted to the hyoid bone)
• Levator m

  raises the arms/forearms
• Pronator m

  radius and ulna are not parallel
• Supinator m

  parallel
• Abductor m

  aways from midline
• adductor m

  towards midline
• Infraspinatus

  "below the spine"
• Subclavius

  "below the clavicle"
• Subscapularis

  below the scapula
• Interoseus

  between the bones
• Rectus

  longitudinal fibers extra oblique superficial
• Transversus

  horizontal internal oblique
• Form or shape

  a.Rhomboid

  b.Triangular

  c.Serrate
• Attachment

  i.Coracobrachialis

  ii. Omo hyoid

  iii. Sternocleidomastoid
• Action

  Levator m

  Pronator m

  Supinator m

  Flexor m

  Abductor m

  Adductor m
• position

  infraspinatus

  subclavius

  subscapularis

  Interoseus