Active transport

• What is the main topic discussed in the video?

  Active transport in root hair cells of plants
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?


  Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, while diffusion moves them down their gradient
• What is diffusion?


  The process by which substances move down their concentration gradient
• Why is diffusion considered a passive process?


  Because it does not require any energy from the cell
• What analogy is used to describe diffusion?


  Water flowing downhill
• What is active transport compared to in the video?


  Water moving uphill
• What does active transport require from the cell?


  Energy
• What type of proteins are involved in active transport?


  Special proteins that sit in the membrane
• Where does the energy for active transport come from?


  Cellular respiration
• What is the role of mitochondria in active transport?


  Mitochondria break down glucose to release energy
• What molecule stores energy for the cell?

  ATP
• How can we define active transport?


  The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from lower to higher concentration requiring energy
• What is an example of active transport in plants?


  • Absorption of water and mineral ions by root hair cells
  • Minerals like magnesium and nitrates are absorbed against their concentration gradient
• What adaptations do root hair cells have for absorption?


  They have long hair-like protrusions for a large surface area
• Why do root hair cells need to use active transport for mineral absorption?


  Because minerals are at a higher concentration inside the cell than outside in the soil
• What is the role of mitochondria in root hair cells?


  To provide energy for active transport
• What are the key features of root hair cells?


  • Long hair-like protrusions for increased surface area
  • High number of mitochondria for energy production
  • Function to absorb water and mineral ions