allotropes: fullerenes and graphite

• What are the allotropes of carbon discussed in the video?


  Graphene and fullerenes
• What are allotropes?


  Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state
• What is the structure of graphene made up of?


  Multiple repeating hexagons
• How are the carbon atoms in graphene bonded?


  Each carbon is bonded to three other carbons
• Why is graphene strong?


  Because of its structure of multiple repeating hexagons
• What property allows graphene to conduct electricity?


  The delocalized pool of electrons
• How can graphene be obtained?


  From the ground in the form of graphite
• What are fullerenes?


  Tiny tubes and spheres made from carbon
• How can fullerenes be used in medicine?


  To deliver drugs to certain areas of the body
• Why are fullerenes useful as industrial catalysts?


  They have a large surface area to volume ratio
• What are nano tubes?


  Tiny tubes made from graphene
• How can nano tubes be used in materials?


  To strengthen other materials without adding much weight
• What is the first fullerene made?

  Buckminsterfullerene
• What is the formula for Buckminsterfullerene?


  C$_{60}$
• What is nanotechnology?


  Technology that uses tiny structures like fullerenes
• What are the main applications of fullerenes and graphene?


  • Medicine: drug delivery systems
  • Industrial catalysts
  • Electronics: conductive materials
  • Strengthening materials: e.g., tennis rackets
  • Nanotechnology applications
• In which industries is nanotechnology being used?


  Medicine, batteries, food, and fashion
• What is the main takeaway about fullerenes?


  They are allotropes of carbon with hollow shapes