CC106 Midterms

• What characterized the Second Industrial Revolution?


  Rapid industrialization through new technology like electricity and chemical manufacturing
• Which technologies were pivotal during the Second Industrial Revolution?


  Rapid industrialization, electricity, telephone, and rail
• What does nanotechnology deal with?


  Manipulating materials at the molecular and atomic level
• What are intelligent sensors used for?


  They are widely used in multiple sectors
• In what applications are intelligent sensors deployed?


  In a wide variety of applications
• Name three foundational nanostructures in nanotechnology.

  Buckyball, Carbon Nanotube, Quantum Dot
• What does Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulate?


  Human-like decision-making processes
• What is the purpose of RPA?


  To automate routine tasks that follow specific rules
• How does AI allow machines to learn?


  Through experience
• What do quantum computers utilize for advanced computation?


  Qubits
• What do software processes provide?


  Structured methodologies for building systems
• Are hardware models used in software development?


  No
• What is the Waterfall model characterized by?


  Phases that follow a strict sequence starting with design
• What does oT refer to?

  Connected devices that interact over the internet
• How can AI reinforce existing biases?


  Due to how algorithms are designed or trained
• What has 3D printing been instrumental in creating?


  Medical tools, prosthetics, and more
• How does AR differ from VR?

  AR overlays information in the real world, while VR creates entirely virtual spaces
• What advantage do qubits provide in quantum computing?

  They allow quantum computers to process information at unprecedented speeds
• What does Agile promote in project management?


  Flexibility, allowing for quick adjustments to project requirements
• What does Scrum emphasize?


  Team collaboration and regular communication to ensure timely delivery
• What is the purpose of requirements engineering?


  To ensure the project captures all customer and stakeholder needs
• What does the Spiral model focus on?


  Iterative development with a focus on managing risk
• What is project management concerned with?


  Overseeing the entire project lifecycle
• What does testing verify in software development?


  That the software behaves as expected and meets all user requirements
• What do non-functional requirements focus on?


  Performance, scalability, and other system attributes
• What do functional requirements describe?


  Specific features, such as transaction processing
• What does reliability ensure in a system?


  That the system remains operational and available for users
• Why is a structured approach necessary in problem resolution?


  To resolve the issue efficiently and prevent recurrence
• What do code reviews help enhance?


  Code quality and facilitate knowledge transfer within the development team
• Why are open discussions between stakeholders important?


  To ensure consensus and alignment on project priorities
• How does Waterfall differ from Agile?


  Waterfall is linear, whereas Agile is iterative and adaptive to change
• What are prototypes used for?


  To test concepts and gather feedback before full-scale development
• What do constraints limit in software development?


  Design choices, such as the programming language or platform
• Why is clear documentation important?


  It helps manage expectations and guide development
• What do requirements serve as in software development?


  The foundation for designing and building the software
• What do functional requirements specify?


  The system’s behavior in response to certain inputs
• Why is it crucial to evaluate changes before implementation?


  To assess how the change affects the project
• What does elicitation ensure in software development?


  That the software meets user expectations
• What do user requirements specify?


  What the end-user can do within the system
• Who are stakeholders in a project?


  Anyone who has a vested interest in the project, such as users or clients