Mitral valve disease

• What are the 3 types of mitral valve disease?


  Prolapse

  Stenosis

  Regurgitation
• What is mitral valve prolapse?


  Mitral valve doesn't fully close between beats
• What are some signs and symptoms of mitral valve prolapse?


  Midsystolic click

  Late systolic murmur

  Palpitations/atypical check pain
• What are some risk factors for mitral valve prolapse?


  Cardiomyopathy

  Marfan's

  Ehlers Danlos

  Wolff-Parkinson White
• What are some risk factors for mitral valve stenosis?

  History of rheumatic fever
• What is mitral stenosis?


  Obstruction of blood flow across the mitral valve
• Why do you get an opening snap in mitral stenosis?


  Pressure in LA>LV -> forces open mitral valve
• What are some symptoms of severe mitral valve stenosis?


  Dyspnoea

  Haemoptysis

  Malar flush
• What are some signs of mitral valve stenosis?


  Loud S1

  AFib

  Low volume pulse

  Opening snap

  Mid-late diastolic murmur
• What scans are done for mitral stenosis?


  CXR

  Echo
• What is shown in a CXR for mitral stenosis?


  Left atrial enlargement
• What is shown in an echo for mitral stenosis?


  <1 square cm of valve
• How is mitral stenosis managed surgically?


  Percutaneous mitral valve balloon valvotomy

  Mitral valve surgery
• What is mitral regurgitation?


  Mitral valve doesn't close properly -> blood leaks back into right atrium through the mitral valve on systole
• What are some causes of mitral regurg?

  Mitral valve prolapse

  MI

  Coronary artery disease

  Infective endocarditis

  Rheumatic fever

  Congenital
• How can mitral valve prolapse lead to regurg?


  Deformed mitral valve -> doesn't close properly -> allows some backflow
• How can MI/CAD lead to mitral regurg?


  Papillary muscles/chordae tendonae are supporting structures of mitral valve -> damage = affect mitral valve function
• How can infective endocarditis cause mitral regurg?


  Organisms grow on mitral valve -> prevents closing = backflow