P3 Chapter 9 APUSH vocab

• What are the first 10 amendments of the U.S. Constitution called?


  Bill of Rights
• What rights are included in the Bill of Rights?


  Rights like freedom of speech, religion, and the right to bear arms
• How does the Bill of Rights protect citizens' rights?


  By limiting the government's power to take them away
• What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?


  Federal courts and a Supreme Court
• Who was the chief justice created by the Judiciary Act of 1789?


  The act created a Supreme Court with a chief justice and five associates
• What is a tariff?


  A tax on imported goods to raise funds for the federal government
• How did tariffs encourage American manufacturing?


  By taxing imported goods, encouraging people to buy American-made products
• What is an excise tax?


  A tax placed on specific items like whiskey
• Why was whiskey chosen for an excise tax?


  Because it was widely used, allowing the government to collect significant revenue
• What does strict construction mean in the context of government powers?


  The government should only use powers directly stated in the Constitution
• Who supported the idea of strict construction?

  Thomas Jefferson
• What was the purpose of the Bank of the U.S. (B.U.S.)?


  To control the nation's money and manage debt
• What was a major point of contention regarding the Bank of the U.S.?

  Its constitutionality, dividing Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
• What was the Whiskey Rebellion?


  A 1794 uprising in Pennsylvania over the excise tax on whiskey
• What did George Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate?


  The strength of the new national government
• What was the Neutrality Proclamation of 1793?


  A statement declaring the U.S. would remain neutral in conflicts between France and Britain
• Why did the Neutrality Proclamation spark debate?


  Some felt the U.S. owed support to France
• What was the Battle of Fallen Timbers?


  A 1794 conflict between American troops and Native American forces
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Fallen Timbers?


  The American victory secured territory in the Northwest
• What did the Treaty of Greenville accomplish?


  Native American tribes ceded lands in present-day Ohio and Indiana to the U.S.
• What were the terms of the Treaty of Greenville?


  It provided money and hunting rights to Native Americans
• What was Jay’s Treaty?


  A 1794 treaty aimed at resolving issues from the American Revolution
• Why was Jay’s Treaty controversial?


  It favored British interests, stirring political debate
• What did Pinckney’s Treaty grant to the U.S.?

  Navigation rights on the Mississippi River and access to the port of New Orleans
• How did Pinckney’s Treaty affect U.S.-Spain relations?


  It improved relations and boosted western trade
• What was the Farewell Address?


  George Washington’s 1796 letter announcing his retirement
• What advice did Washington give in his Farewell Address?


  To avoid permanent alliances and emphasize unity
• What was the XYZ Affair?


  A 1797 diplomatic incident where French officials demanded bribes from American diplomats
• What was the result of the XYZ Affair?


  It escalated tensions and led to the Quasi-War
• What was the Quasi-War with France?


  An undeclared naval conflict from 1798 to 1800
• What was a significant outcome of the Quasi-War?


  It strengthened the U.S. Navy and increased military preparedness
• What was the Convention of 1800?


  An agreement that ended the Quasi-War and improved U.S.-France relations
• What did the Convention of 1800 achieve?


  It averted a full-scale war and dissolved the Franco-American alliance
• What were the Alien Laws?


  A series of 1798 laws that restricted the rights of immigrants
• What was a consequence of the Alien Laws?


  They increased fears of deportation and limited freedom for foreigners
• What was the Sedition Act?


  A 1798 law that made it illegal to criticize the federal government
• How did the Sedition Act challenge the First Amendment?


  By making it illegal to criticize the federal government, it limited speech and press protections
• Who wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?

  Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
• What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argue?


  For states' rights to declare federal laws unconstitutional