1.1.6 Changing Digital Technologies

• What is the key milestone in the development of communications and computing systems?

  Contributions of individuals to Information Technology
• Who is known as the first computer programmer?

  Lady Ada Lovelace
• What was Lady Ada Lovelace's key contribution to computing?

  She realized computers could do more than just calculate numbers
• Who developed the Java programming language?

  James Gosling
• What was Admiral Grace Hopper's significant achievement in computing?

  She devised the first commercial electronic computer
• What foundational theory did Alan Turing develop?

  Computational theory
• What did Steve Jobs contribute to the technology industry?

  He commoditized computing and developed smartphones
• Who is the creator of the World Wide Web?

  Sir Tim Berners-Lee
• What were the key milestones in the life of Lady Ada Lovelace?

  • Born on 10 December 1815
  • Educated in mathematics and sciences
  • Mentored by Charles Babbage
  • Translated an article on the analytical engine
  • Developed the concept of looping in programming
  • Died on 27 November 1852
• What are the key milestones in the life of James Gosling?

  • Born on 19 May 1955
  • Gained a computing degree in 1977
  • Developed Java programming language in 1991
  • Worked for Sun Microsystems since 1984
  • Joined Amazon Web Services in 2017
• What are the key milestones in the life of Admiral Grace Hopper?

  • Born on 9 December 1906
  • Gained a PhD in mathematics in 1934
  • Joined the US Navy in 1943
  • Developed the first computer compiler in 1952
  • Retired from the Navy in 1986
• What are the key milestones in the life of Alan Turing?

  • Born on 23 June 1912
  • Proved the central limit theorem
  • Developed the concept of the Turing machine
  • Worked on codebreaking during WWII
  • Died on 7 June 1954
• What are the key milestones in the life of Steve Jobs?

  • Born on 24 February 1955
  • Co-founded Apple in 1976
  • Launched the Macintosh in 1984
  • Returned to Apple in 1997
  • Died on 5 October 2011
• When was Lady Ada Lovelace born?

  10 December 1815
• What was the name of James Gosling's dissertation?

  The Algebraic Manipulation of Constraints
• What significant term originated from Grace Hopper's work with computers?

  Computer bug
• What was the purpose of the Bombe machine developed by Alan Turing?

  To decrypt German messages during WWII
• What was the first computer that Grace Hopper worked on?

  Mark I computer
• What was the significance of the Turing Test proposed by Alan Turing?


  It set the basis for testing artificial intelligence
• What was the original selling price of the Apple I computer?

  $666.66
• What was the impact of the iTunes platform on Apple?

  It made Apple the second largest music retailer in the USA
• When did Steve Jobs pass away?

  5 October 2011
• What was the outcome of Steve Jobs' departure from Apple in 1985?

  He started a new company called NeXT, Inc.
• How did the contributions of Lady Ada Lovelace influence modern computing?

  She introduced concepts like programming and looping
• What was the significance of the Java programming language developed by James Gosling?

  It became one of the most popular programming languages worldwide
• How did Alan Turing's work during WWII contribute to the outcome of the war?

  His codebreaking efforts helped decrypt enemy communications
• What was the impact of Steve Jobs' return to Apple in 1997?

  He rebranded the company and introduced innovative products
• How did Grace Hopper's development of the first compiler influence programming?

  It transformed normal text into computer language, enabling easier programming
• What role did Steve Jobs play in the evolution of personal devices?

  He led the development of iconic devices like the iPod and iPhone
• What was the worth of one share in Apple by 2007?

  $199.99
• What was Apple's profit in 2007?

  $1.58 billion
• What significant achievement did Apple reach in 2008?


  It became the second largest music retailer in the USA.
• What platform influenced Apple's rise in the music market?

  iTunes
• Who did Steve Jobs buy Pixar from?

  George Lucas
• How much did Steve Jobs invest in Pixar?

  $50 million
• What was Steve Jobs' estimated worth by 2011?

  $6.5 billion to $7 billion
• What would Steve Jobs' worth have been if he had not left Apple in 1985?

  Closer to $36 billion
• What type of cancer was Steve Jobs diagnosed with in 2003?

  Neuroendocrine tumour
• What significant action did Steve Jobs take in January 2011?


  He stepped down as Apple CEO.
• When was Tim Berners-Lee born?

  8 June 1955