Resistance to social Change

• What is a dispositional explanation?

  An explanation based on individual personality traits
• What does the F-scale measure?

  Authoritarian personality traits
• What is fascism?

  A political ideology emphasizing authoritarianism
• How does social support affect conformity according to Asch's experiment?

  It increases likelihood of non-conformity
• What happens if a non-conformer in Asch's experiment begins to conform?

  The real participant also begins to conform
• How does social support influence obedience according to Milgram's findings?

  Obedience drops when a confederate disobeys
• What role does a disobedient confederate play in Milgram's experiment?

  Acts as a role model for conscience
• What does a high score on the locus of control questionnaire indicate?

  External locus of control
• What does a low score on the locus of control questionnaire indicate?

  Internal locus of control
• What is the concept of locus of control?

  • Sense of control over life events
  • Internals: Responsible for their outcomes
  • Externals: Believe outside forces dictate outcomes
• Who proposed the idea of locus of control?

  Julian Rotter
• What do individuals with a high internal locus of control believe?

  They are responsible for their life events
• What do individuals with a high external locus of control believe?

  Others or fate control their life events
• What are the evaluation points for social support and locus of control?

  • Social support: Asch and Allen & Levine findings
  • Locus of control: Holland's findings and Twenge's data
  • Rotter's belief on LOC's impact
  • Milgram's view on obedience/disobedience
• What did Blass find regarding external locus of control?

  It helps resist obedience under coercion
• What did Twenge et al.'s data show about locus of control?

  Trends in locus of control over time
• What does Rotter believe about locus of control?

  It exists on a continuum
• What are the two explanations for resistance to social influence?

  1. Individual character/personality factors
  2. Situational factors (e.g., presence of allies)
• How does having an internal locus of control affect resistance to social influence?

  It increases confidence and responsibility
• What evidence supports the role of social support in resisting conformity?

  Asch's and Milgram's experiments show this
• What type of locus of control involves taking responsibility?

  Internal locus of control
• What is the opposite of an agentic state according to Milgram?

  Autonomous state
• What is the role of a dissenter in Asch's study?

  To provide an alternative viewpoint
• How does social support affect conformity in Asch's study?

  It reduces conformity rates significantly
• What is the effect of proximity in Milgram's study?

  It changes obedience levels
• What is the definition of legitimate authority?

  Authority recognized as valid by society
• What is the significance of self-esteem in locus of control?

  It relates to internal locus of control
• How does socialisation relate to obedience?

  It influences acceptance of authority figures
• What is the effect of having allies present during an experiment?

  It reduces conformity and obedience
• What is the relationship between locus of control and responsibility?

  Internals take more responsibility for actions
• What is the role of social support in resisting social influence?

  It provides encouragement to resist
• How does the presence of a dissenter affect conformity rates?

  It significantly lowers conformity rates
• What is the impact of personality on resistance to social influence?

  Personality traits influence resistance levels
• What is the significance of the continuum in locus of control?

  It shows varying degrees of control perception
• What does the term 'agentic state' refer to?

  Acting on behalf of an authority figure
• How does the presence of allies affect obedience in Milgram's study?

  It significantly reduces obedience levels
• What are the implications of having a high internal locus of control?

  Greater resistance to social influence pressures
• What does the term 'social hierarchy' refer to?

  Ranking of individuals based on authority
• What is the effect of self-esteem on locus of control?

  Higher self-esteem often correlates with internal LOC
• How does socialisation influence obedience to authority?

  It shapes acceptance of authority figures