week 5 medical microbiology

Cards (66)

  • What are the main classifications of protozoa based on their means of movement?

    Ciliates, Flagellates, Apicomplexa, Amoebae
  • Which protozoan is known to cause malaria?

    Plasmodium sp.
  • What is the primary means of transmission for Giardia lamblia?

    Ingestion
  • What are the general principles of protozoan diseases transmission?

    • Ingestion
    • Vectors
    • Sexual contact
    • Transovarial
    • Placental
  • Which insect is a vector for Plasmodium sp.?

    Anopheles sp.
  • What disease is caused by Trypanosoma spp.?

    Sleeping sickness and Chagas disease
  • What is the role of Ixodes scapularis in protozoan diseases?

    It is a host for Babesia bovis.
  • What are the diseases associated with different protozoan vectors?

    • Trypanosoma spp.: Sleeping sickness
    • Plasmodium spp.: Malaria
    • Leishmania spp.: Leishmaniasis
    • Babesia spp.: Babesiosis
  • What is the primary vector for malaria?
    Mosquito
  • What is the life cycle of the obligate protozoan parasite causing malaria?

    It includes schizogony and a sexual stage in the mosquito.
  • What is the significance of the Duffy antigen in malaria?

    It is required for the invasion of red blood cells by Plasmodium.
  • What are the symptoms of malaria caused by Plasmodium species?

    Fever, chills, and sweating.
  • How does the presence of sickle cell trait affect malaria susceptibility?

    It provides some protection against malaria infection.
  • What is the role of reactive oxygen species in malaria pathogenicity?

    They act as pyrogens contributing to fever.
  • What is the primary treatment for malaria?
    Quinine treatments.
  • What are the possible outcomes of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy?

    • Ocular abnormalities
    • Brain damage
    • Foetal death
  • What is the primary source of Toxoplasma gondii infection?

    Cat litter and contaminated food/water.
  • What are the symptoms of Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals?

    Pneumonia, cerebral calcification, nephritis, skin rashes.
  • What are the two stages of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)?
    Acute stage and chronic stage.
  • What is the role of the triatomine bug in Chagas disease?

    It is the primary vector for Trypanosoma cruzi.
  • How does the habitat of the tsetse fly affect the spread of African Trypanosomiasis?

    It is concentrated near human settlements, making eradication difficult.
  • What are the symptoms of Sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei?

    Weight loss, neurological impairment, swollen lymph nodes, fever.
  • What is the function of glycosomes in Trypanosoma spp.?

    They contain enzymes involved in ATP generation.
  • What is the significance of the amastigote form in Chagas disease?

    It shows the presence of parasites in muscle cells.
  • What are the clinical presentations of Leishmaniasis?

    • Cutaneous: skin sores
    • Mucocutaneous: affects naso-pharyngeal tissues
    • Visceral: fever, weight loss, spleen & liver enlargement
  • What is the vector for Leishmania spp.?

    Phlebotomine sandfly.
  • What is the prevention method for cutaneous leishmaniasis?

    Using sandfly nets, possibly impregnated with permethrin.
  • What is the characteristic of visceral leishmaniasis if untreated?

    It is fatal.
  • What is the role of the immune response in Toxoplasmosis symptoms?

    Symptoms are caused by the immune response, not the parasites.
  • How does the prevalence of Leishmaniasis vary geographically?
    It is more common in rural areas and decreases in some regions.
  • What is the magnification of Leishmania parasites in microscopy?

    1000x magnification.
  • What are the symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis?

    Skin sores that can last from weeks to years.
  • What is the characteristic of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?

    It can occur months to years after cutaneous lesions have healed.
  • What is the significance of the electron micrograph in diagnosing leishmaniasis?

    It shows the presence of amastigotes characteristic of Leishmania spp.
  • What disease is caused by Cryptosporidium parvum?
    Cryptosporidiosis
  • What disease is associated with Cyclospora cayetanesis?
    Cyclosporiasis
  • What is the disease caused by Giardia lamblia?
    Giardiasis
  • What disease is caused by Balantidium coli?
    Balantidiasis (dysentery)
  • What disease is associated with Acanthamoeba spp.?
    Keratitis
  • What do all the listed organisms cause?
    • Diarrhoeal diseases