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Year 2 Medical Microbiology
week 5 medical microbiology
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Cards (66)
What are the main classifications of
protozoa
based on their means of movement?
Ciliates
,
Flagellates
,
Apicomplexa
,
Amoebae
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Which
protozoan
is known to cause malaria?
Plasmodium
sp.
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What is the primary means of transmission for
Giardia lamblia
?
Ingestion
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What are the general principles of
protozoan
diseases transmission?
Ingestion
Vectors
Sexual contact
Transovarial
Placental
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Which insect is a vector for
Plasmodium sp.
?
Anopheles sp.
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What disease is caused by
Trypanosoma
spp.?
Sleeping sickness
and
Chagas disease
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What is the role of
Ixodes scapularis
in protozoan diseases?
It is a host for
Babesia bovis
.
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What are the diseases associated with different
protozoan
vectors?
Trypanosoma
spp.:
Sleeping sickness
Plasmodium
spp.:
Malaria
Leishmania
spp.:
Leishmaniasis
Babesia
spp.:
Babesiosis
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What is the primary vector for malaria?
Mosquito
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What is the life cycle of the
obligate
protozoan
parasite causing
malaria
?
It includes
schizogony
and a sexual stage in the mosquito.
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What is the significance of the
Duffy
antigen in malaria?
It is required for the invasion of red blood cells by
Plasmodium
.
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What are the symptoms of
malaria
caused by
Plasmodium
species?
Fever, chills, and sweating.
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How does the presence of
sickle cell trait
affect
malaria
susceptibility?
It provides some protection against malaria infection.
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What is the role of
reactive oxygen species
in malaria pathogenicity?
They act as
pyrogens
contributing to fever.
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What is the primary treatment for malaria?
Quinine
treatments.
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What are the possible outcomes of
Toxoplasma gondii
infection during pregnancy?
Ocular abnormalities
Brain damage
Foetal
death
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What is the primary source of
Toxoplasma gondii
infection?
Cat
litter and contaminated food/water.
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What are the symptoms of
Toxoplasmosis
in
immunocompromised
individuals?
Pneumonia,
cerebral
calcification,
nephritis
, skin rashes.
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What are the two stages of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)?
Acute stage and chronic stage.
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What is the role of the
triatomine
bug in
Chagas disease
?
It is the primary vector for
Trypanosoma cruzi
.
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How does the habitat of the
tsetse fly
affect the spread of
African Trypanosomiasis
?
It is concentrated near human settlements, making
eradication
difficult.
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What are the symptoms of
Sleeping sickness
caused by
Trypanosoma brucei
?
Weight loss,
neurological impairment
, swollen lymph nodes, fever.
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What is the function of
glycosomes
in
Trypanosoma
spp.?
They contain enzymes involved in
ATP
generation.
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What is the significance of the
amastigote
form in
Chagas
disease?
It shows the presence of parasites in muscle cells.
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What are the clinical presentations of
Leishmaniasis
?
Cutaneous
: skin sores
Mucocutaneous
: affects
naso-pharyngeal
tissues
Visceral
: fever, weight loss,
spleen
&
liver
enlargement
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What is the vector for
Leishmania spp.
?
Phlebotomine sandfly
.
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What is the prevention method for
cutaneous leishmaniasis
?
Using
sandfly nets
, possibly impregnated with
permethrin
.
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What is the characteristic of
visceral leishmaniasis
if untreated?
It is
fatal
.
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What is the role of the
immune response
in
Toxoplasmosis
symptoms?
Symptoms are caused by the immune response, not the parasites.
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How does the prevalence of Leishmaniasis vary geographically?
It is more common in rural areas and decreases in some regions.
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What is the
magnification
of
Leishmania
parasites in microscopy?
1000x magnification.
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What are the symptoms of
cutaneous leishmaniasis
?
Skin sores that can last from
weeks
to years.
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What is the characteristic of
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
?
It can occur
months
to years after cutaneous lesions have healed.
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What is the significance of the
electron micrograph
in diagnosing leishmaniasis?
It shows the presence of
amastigotes
characteristic of
Leishmania
spp.
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What disease is caused by Cryptosporidium parvum?
Cryptosporidiosis
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What disease is associated with Cyclospora cayetanesis?
Cyclosporiasis
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What is the disease caused by Giardia lamblia?
Giardiasis
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What disease is caused by Balantidium coli?
Balantidiasis
(dysentery)
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What disease is associated with Acanthamoeba spp.?
Keratitis
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What do all the listed organisms cause?
Diarrhoeal
diseases
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