P12

• Transverse wave

  The direction of energy transfer is perpendicular to the direction of particle vibrations
• Longitudinal wave

  The direction of energy transfer is parallel to the direction of particle vibrations
• Examples of transverse waves

  • Light waves
  • Water waves
  • All electromagnetic waves
  • S-waves
• Example of Longitudinal waves

  • Sound waves
  • Ultrasound waves
  • P-waves
• Features of a transverse wave

  Wavelength, amplitude, crest, trough

  
• Features of a Longitudinal wave

  Wavelength, compression, rarefaction

  
• Frequency

  The number of waves that pass a point in one second, measured in Hertz (Hz)
• Wave speed

  How quickly the energy is transferred through a medium
• Law of reflection

  The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
• Specular reflection

  Occurs from smooth reflective surfaces
• Diffuse reflection

  Occurs from irregular surfaces and it where one light ray diffuses and the image becomes more blurred
• Refraction


  Occurs when a wave enters a different medium and refers to the apparent "bending" of light