Coastal management

• What percentage of the world's population lives within 60 km of the coastline?


  Half of the world's population
• What type of environmental damage threatens coastal ecosystems?


  Damage to ecosystems such as sand dunes
• How can increasing global temperatures affect sea levels?


  They can cause rising sea levels
• What is the significance of the Jurassic Coast?


  It has geological importance with exposed fossils
• Why are fossils on the Jurassic Coast important?


  They are important for fossil enthusiasts and geology interests
• Which area on the Jurassic Coast is heavily impacted by erosion?

  Lyme Regis
• What human interventions have been implemented in Lyme Regis?


  Management schemes like rock armour and sea walls
• What do scientists argue about human intervention in coastal erosion?


  It may cause a lack of coastal erosion, preventing fossil exposure
• What are the traditional approaches to human intervention at coastlines?

  • Direct action with hard engineering
  • Soft engineering strategies focusing on small areas
• What are the characteristics of modern sustainable approaches to coastal management?

  • Consider the entire coastal zone
  • Aim for balance between human intervention and natural processes
• What did local councils primarily use until the 1990s for coastal management?


  Hard-engineering strategies
• Why did soft-engineering strategies become more popular?


  Because hard-engineering strategies were extremely expensive
• What is a cost benefit analysis in coastal management?


  It forecasts whether the benefits will outweigh the costs of a strategy
• What are the two types of costs and benefits in a cost benefit analysis?


  Tangible and intangible
• What does the term "Hold the line" refer to in Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs)?


  Maintaining the current position of the coastline using hard engineering
• What does "Advance the line" mean in the context of SMPs?


  Extending the coastline by widening the beach
• What is meant by "Managed retreat" in SMPs?


  Deliberately flooding areas with little value
• What does "Do nothing" imply in Shoreline Management Plans?


  Letting nature take its course
• What are the aims of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)?


  • Establish social, economic, and environmental sustainability
  • Resolve social, economic, and environmental challenges
  • Protect the coastline
• Why does ICZM deal with large areas of coastline?


  • Human actions in one place affect another
  • Due to the sediment cell budget
  • Erosion in one location adds sediment in another