Topic 1-Study of life

• What is the primary focus of biology?


  The study of life
• What does biology encompass regarding living organisms?


  How living organisms work, function, and interact
• What are the key aspects of biology as a field of study?

  • Structure
  • Function
  • Growth
  • Origin
  • Evolution
  • Distribution
• What are some achievements of biology?


  Developed medicines and medical treatments
• What does the cell theory state?


  Cells are the basic units of life and all cells arise from existing cells
• What is the gene theory in biology?

  -All cells contain DNA, DNA codes for structures and functions of cells and is passed to offspring
• What does homeostasis refer to in living organisms?


  The ability to maintain a constant internal environment
• What is evolution in the context of biology?


  The change of inherited characteristics over time through natural selection
• What are the four basic principles of modern biology?

  1. Cell theory
  2. Gene theory
  3. Homeostasis
  4. Evolution
• What are the three domains of life mentioned?


  Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes
• What is the definition of science?

  A systematic and logical approach to discovering how things in the universe work
• What is the aim of scientific research?


  To achieve measurable results through testing and analysis
• What is the scientific method?


  A logical problem-solving approach that follows principles and procedures to gain knowledge
• What are the steps of the scientific method?


  1. Making observations
  2. Asking questions
  3. Formulating a hypothesis
  4. Performing experiments
  5. Analyzing data and drawing conclusions
• What is a hypothesis?


  A testable prediction that can be supported or refuted by evidence
• What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?


  A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theory is a well-developed explanation for observed phenomena
• What did Louis Pasteur's experiment demonstrate?


  Boiling kills all microbes, sterilizing the broth
• What is deductive reasoning?


  Using a general principle to forecast specific results
• What is inductive reasoning?


  Drawing general conclusions from specific results
• What is the goal of basic science?


  To understand how things work and provide the source of most scientific theories
• What are the properties of life?

  • Composed of cells
  • Complex and ordered
  • Respond to the environment
  • Grow and reproduce
  • Obtain and use energy
  • Maintain internal balance
  • Allow for evolutionary adaptation
• Why aren't viruses considered living organisms?


  They do not meet all the characteristics of life
• What are the levels of organization among living things?

  1. Molecules
  2. Macromolecules
  3. Organelles
  4. Cells
  5. Organs
  6. Organ systems
  7. Organism
  8. Population
  9. Community

  10. Ecosystem

  11. Biosphere
• What is the chemical level of organization?


  It includes subatomic particles, atoms, and molecules
• What is the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism?


  A cell
• What are emergent properties?


  New properties present at one level of organization that are not seen in the previous level
• What is the role of the population level in biological organization?


  It includes species and communities
• What is the highest level of biological organization?

  The biosphere
• What is the purpose of studying wind patterns in relation to applied science?


  To determine placements for windmills
• What is the significance of the scientific method in research?


  It provides a structured approach to problem-solving and knowledge acquisition
• How does the scientific method begin?


  With observations
• What is the importance of organizing data in scientific research?


  It helps in analyzing and interpreting results
• What happens to a hypothesis after testing?


  It may be elevated to a theory if supported by data
• What is the role of peer review in scientific research?


  To ensure findings are consistent and reliable
• What is the significance of the phylogenetic tree in biology?


  It illustrates the evolutionary relationships among different species
• How does the scientific method contribute to the advancement of knowledge?


  By providing a systematic approach to testing and validating ideas
• What is the relationship between basic science and applied science?


  Basic science provides the foundational knowledge that applied science uses to solve practical problems
• What is the role of adaptation in living organisms?


  It enables organisms to respond to environmental factors and survive
• How do living organisms obtain and use energy?


  By consuming food and converting it into usable energy
• What is the significance of maintaining homeostasis in organisms?


  It ensures conditions suitable for survival