The rock cycle

• What is the rock cycle?


  The rock cycle is a continuous transformation of rocks from one type to another over long periods of time.
• What drives the rock cycle?


  The rock cycle is driven by Earth's internal and external processes.
• How many main types of rocks are there in the rock cycle?


  There are three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
• How are igneous rocks formed?

  Igneous rocks are formed from cooled and solidified magma or lava.
• Give an example of an igneous rock.


  Granite is an example of an igneous rock.
• What are sedimentary rocks formed from?

  Sedimentary rocks are formed from the deposition and compression of sediments.
• Name an example of a sedimentary rock.


  Sandstone is an example of a sedimentary rock.
• How are metamorphic rocks formed?


  Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to high heat and pressure.
• Provide an example of a metamorphic rock.


  Marble is an example of a metamorphic rock.
• What are the key processes involved in the rock cycle?

  • Weathering and erosion
  • Transportation
  • Deposition
  • Compaction and cementation
  • Melting
  • Cooling and crystallization
  • Metamorphism
  • Uplift
• What is the role of weathering and erosion in the rock cycle?


  Weathering and erosion break down rocks into smaller particles.
• What happens during the compaction and cementation process?


  Compaction and cementation turn loose sediments into solid sedimentary rock.
• What is the effect of melting in the rock cycle?


  Melting turns rock into magma.
• What does cooling and crystallization form in the rock cycle?


  Cooling and crystallization form igneous rocks.
• How does metamorphism occur in the rock cycle?


  Metamorphism changes rocks through heat and pressure.
• What is the role of uplift in the rock cycle?


  Uplift brings buried rocks to the surface.
• How does plate tectonics influence the rock cycle?


  • Creates new crust at mid-ocean ridges
  • Causes subduction leading to melting and metamorphism
  • Drives mountain building and pressure formation
  • Produces new igneous rocks through volcanic activity
  • Triggers earthquakes that expose new rock layers
• What is the effect of subduction on the rock cycle?


  Subduction causes melting and metamorphism of rocks.
• What is the significance of the continuous nature of the rock cycle?


  The rock cycle reflects the dynamic nature of our planet, with no beginning or end.
• How do the processes in the rock cycle relate to each other?


  The processes in the rock cycle are interconnected, allowing rocks to transform from one type to another.
• What powers the rock cycle?

  The rock cycle is powered by Earth's internal heat and external forces like gravity and climate.
• What is the balance in the rock cycle?


  The balance in the rock cycle refers to the overall proportions of rock types remaining relatively stable over time.
• How does the rock cycle ensure Earth's surface is evolving?


  The rock cycle ensures Earth's surface is constantly evolving and renewing itself through continuous transformations.