INFECTION AND RESPONSE

• what is a communicable disease

  can be spread from person to person
• how are communicable dispeases spread

  pathogens
• what is a non communicable disease

  cannot be spread
• health definition

  state of physical and mental well being
• what 3 things can affect health

  • diseases
  • poor diet
  • stress
• can diseases interact

  yes --> one disease can increase risk of contracting another
• can one disease be a cause of another

  yes
• can physical illnesses trigger mental illnesses

  yes
• what is a pathogen

  microorganisms that cause infectious diseases
• 4 types of pathogens

  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • protists
  • fungi
• how do bacteria make us ill

  reproduce rapidly (every 20 mins) --> release toxins (damage tissues make us feel ill)
• what is a virus

  cannot reproduce by themselves --> inside host cell
• how do viruses make us ill

  infects host cell --> reproduces --> host bursts and viruses travel to another cell
• 3 ways pathogens can be spread

  • in the air
  • in the water
  • direct contact
• how to reduce spread of pathogens

  • washing hands before eating
  • clean drinking water
  • condoms
  • isolation
  • vaccination
• 2 viral diseases

  • measles
  • HIV
• can antibiotics kill viruses

  no
• symptoms of measles

  • fever
  • red skin rash
• how are measles spread

  droplets in coughs and sneezes
• impacts of measles in some cases

  • damage to breathing system and brain
  • fatal
• how is the spread of measles reduced

  vaccination
• symptoms of HIV

  • flu like illness
  • fever
• what does HIV damage

  immune system
• impact of HIV

  • immune system damaged --> cant fight off other infections
  • easily contract other diseases
  • cant fight cancer cells --> can develop it
  • fatal
• how can people with HIV be treated

  antiretroviral drugs (stops virus from multiplying)
• how is HIV transmitted

  • exchange of fluids --> sex , infected needles
• 2 bacterial diseases

  • salmonella
  • gonorrhoea
• can antibiotics kill bacteria

  yes
• how is salmonella spread

  eating infected food
• symptoms of salmonella

  • fever
  • vomitting
  • diarrhoea
  • abdominal cramps
• how to control spread of salmonella

  vaccinating chickens
• how is gonorrhoea spread

  sexual intercourse
• symproms of gonorrhoea

  • yellow / green discharge from penis / vagina
  • pain when urinating
• how can gonorrhoea be treated

  antibiotics
• how to stop spread of gonorrhoea

  • condoms
  • tested and treated
• what type of pathogen spreads malaria

  protist
• malaria symptoms

  • fever
  • fatigue
• malaria lifecycle

  • infected person is bitten by mosquito (pathogen passes through)
  • mosquito bite another person
  • --> transfers pathogen
• what is something that carries a pathogen from one to another called

  vector
• how to stop spread of malaria

  • destroy breeding grounds --> drain still water ponds
  • spray insecticides --> kill mosquitoes
  • mosquito net (can spray insecticide on it)