Lesson 2: Problem Solving and Reasoning

• The science of correct reasoning.

  Logic
• The drawing of inferences or conclusions from known or assumed facts.

  Reasoning
• 2 Types of Reasoning

  Inductive and Deductive
• It is drawing a general conclusion from a repeated observation or limited sets of observations of specific examples.

  Inductive Reasoning
• It is drawing a general case to specific examples or simplifying from a general case to a specific case.

  Deductive Reasoning
• He was a Hungarian mathematician. "The Father of Problem Solving"

  George Polya
• He made fundamental contributions to combinatorics, number theory, numerical analysis and probability theory. He is also noted for his work in heuristics and mathematics education.

  George Polya
• In 1945 George Polya published the book How To Solve It which quickly became his most prized publication.
• Polya’s Four-step process of problem-solving:

  Step 1. Understand the Problem

  Step 2. Device a Plan

  Step 3. Carry Out the Plan

  Step 4. Look Backward