Endoparasites

    Cards (59)

    • What is the definition of a commensal relationship?

      A relationship between two species that is less damaging to completely benign
    • What characterizes a symbiotic relationship?

      Both species rely on each other for survival
    • What is a micropredator?

      A species that preys on tissues rather than whole organisms
    • Why are recently adapted parasites more severe?

      The more recently a parasite adapted to parasitize its host, the more severe the consequences tend to be
    • How do parasites evolve with their hosts?
      Parasites co-evolved with their hosts
    • What happens if a parasite infects the wrong host?

      It can be dangerous for the parasite
    • What are the consequences of parasitic infections?
      Parasites often cause chronic morbidity and/or production losses
    • What are the characteristics of protozoa?

      Single celled, microscopic, and motile
    • How do protozoa interact with host cells?

      They often invade host cells
    • What are the phylums of protozoa?

      Euglenozoa, Metamonda, Parabasalia, Amoebozoa, Apicomplexa
    • What are helminths?

      Complex multicellular organisms
    • How do helminths reproduce in mammalian hosts?

      They generally do not multiply in mammalian hosts
    • What does disease severity depend on in helminths?

      Disease severity depends on the worm load
    • What type of infections do helminths usually cause?

      They usually cause chronic infections and disease
    • What phylum includes flukes and tapeworms?

      Phylum Platyhelminthes
    • What is unique about digenetic flukes?

      They have 2 or more generations in different hosts to complete the life cycle
    • What are the characteristics of flukes?

      They have 2 suckers, a blind-sided gut, and no anus
    • How do flukes take in nutrients?

      Nutrients are taken in and passed out via the same place
    • What is unique about schistosomes among trematodes?

      All are hermaphrodites except for schistosomes
    • What is the role of the snail in the life cycle of trematodes?

      All trematodes have a snail intermediate host
    • What are the characteristics of cestodes?

      Adults are hard, flat, and sequestered
    • How do cestodes obtain nutrients?

      They have no gut and absorb all of their nutrients via their skin
    • Why are adult cestodes rarely pathogenic?

      Adult worms are rarely pathogenic
    • What symptoms do adult cestodes cause in the intestine?

      They are responsible for fullness and vague/mild abdominal pain
    • What can juvenile cestodes cause?

      Juvenile worms are usually pathogenic
    • What types of damage can juvenile cestodes cause?

      They can cause cysts in muscles, organs, tissues, eyes, and brain
    • What is the range of lengths for adult cestodes?

      They vary in length from 1 cm to 20 m long
    • What is the phylum that includes roundworms?
      Phylum Nematoda
    • What is unique about nematodes in terms of reproduction?

      All are dioecious (separate males and females)
    • What is the developmental process of nematodes?

      They develop from an egg to a larva, then through 4 molts before becoming an adult
    • What characterizes a direct lifecycle in parasitic organisms?

      If one host is involved, the lifecycle is direct
    • What is an indirect lifecycle in parasitic organisms?

      It involves 2 or more hosts
    • What is a definitive host?

      The host in which the adult reaches maturity and reproduces sexually
    • What is an intermediate host?

      The host that harbors developing stages
    • How is a direct lifecycle transmitted?

      Transmission occurs via direct contact
    • How is an indirect lifecycle transmitted?

      Transmission occurs between hosts via a vector
    • What is a common characteristic of heavily infected individuals?
      They have a high risk of disease and are an important source of environmental contamination
    • What factors make some individuals more prone to hosting worms?

      Factors include nutrition, hygiene, or their immune response
    • What is pathogenesis?

      The biological mechanism(s) leading to a diseased state
    • What is parasite pathogenesis?

      How a parasitic infection causes disease
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