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Parasites
Endoparasites
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Created by
Anthea Goh
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Cards (59)
What is the definition of a
commensal
relationship
?
A relationship between two species that is less damaging to completely
benign
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What characterizes a
symbiotic
relationship
?
Both species rely on each other for survival
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What is a
micropredator
?
A species that
preys
on tissues rather than whole organisms
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Why are recently adapted
parasites
more severe?
The more recently a parasite adapted to
parasitize
its host, the more severe the
consequences
tend to be
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How do parasites evolve with their hosts?
Parasites
co-evolved
with their hosts
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What happens if a
parasite
infects
the wrong host?
It can be dangerous for the parasite
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What are the consequences of parasitic infections?
Parasites
often cause
chronic
morbidity and/or production losses
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What are the characteristics of
protozoa
?
Single celled, microscopic, and
motile
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How do
protozoa
interact with host cells?
They often
invade
host cells
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What are the phylums of
protozoa
?
Euglenozoa
,
Metamonda
, Parabasalia, Amoebozoa,
Apicomplexa
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What are
helminths
?
Complex
multicellular
organisms
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How do
helminths
reproduce in
mammalian
hosts?
They generally do not multiply in mammalian hosts
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What does disease severity depend on in
helminths
?
Disease severity depends on the
worm load
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What type of infections do
helminths
usually cause?
They usually cause
chronic
infections and disease
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What phylum includes
flukes
and
tapeworms
?
Phylum Platyhelminthes
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What is unique about
digenetic flukes
?
They have 2 or more
generations
in different hosts to complete the
life cycle
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What are the characteristics of
flukes
?
They have 2
suckers
, a blind-sided gut, and no
anus
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How do
flukes
take in nutrients?
Nutrients
are taken in and passed out via the same place
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What is unique about
schistosomes
among
trematodes
?
All are hermaphrodites except for schistosomes
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What is the role of the
snail
in the life cycle of
trematodes
?
All trematodes have a snail intermediate host
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What are the characteristics of
cestodes
?
Adults
are hard, flat, and sequestered
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How do
cestodes
obtain
nutrients
?
They have no gut and absorb all of their nutrients via their skin
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Why are adult
cestodes
rarely
pathogenic
?
Adult worms are rarely pathogenic
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What symptoms do adult
cestodes
cause in the intestine?
They are responsible for fullness and vague/mild
abdominal
pain
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What can
juvenile
cestodes
cause?
Juvenile worms are usually pathogenic
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What types of damage can
juvenile cestodes
cause?
They can cause
cysts
in muscles,
organs
, tissues, eyes, and brain
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What is the range of lengths for adult
cestodes
?
They vary in length from
1 cm
to
20 m
long
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What is the phylum that includes roundworms?
Phylum Nematoda
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What is unique about
nematodes
in terms of reproduction?
All are
dioecious
(separate males and females)
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What is the developmental process of
nematodes
?
They develop from an egg to a larva, then through 4
molts
before becoming an
adult
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What characterizes a
direct lifecycle
in
parasitic organisms
?
If one
host
is involved, the lifecycle is direct
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What is an
indirect lifecycle
in parasitic organisms?
It involves 2 or more
hosts
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What is a
definitive host
?
The host in which the adult reaches maturity and reproduces
sexually
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What is an
intermediate host
?
The host that harbors developing
stages
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How is a
direct lifecycle
transmitted?
Transmission
occurs via direct contact
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How is an
indirect
lifecycle transmitted?
Transmission occurs between hosts via a
vector
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What is a common characteristic of heavily infected individuals?
They have a high risk of disease and are an important source of
environmental
contamination
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What factors make some individuals more prone to hosting
worms
?
Factors include nutrition, hygiene, or their
immune response
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What is
pathogenesis
?
The
biological
mechanism(s) leading to a diseased state
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What is
parasite
pathogenesis
?
How a parasitic infection causes disease
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See all 59 cards
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