Bandura’s media effects theory

• Who is the researcher associated with the media effects theory discussed in the guide?


  Albert Bandura
• What was the main experiment conducted by Albert Bandura involving children and a toy?


  He placed children in a room with an adult who played roughly with a Bobo doll.
• What behavior did the children exhibit after observing the adult with the Bobo doll?


  The children copied the adult's rough behavior with the doll.
• What conclusion did Bandura draw from his experiment regarding media consumption?


  He suggested that watching violent media can lead to violent behavior in children.
• What is a potential issue with Bandura's laboratory experiment according to the guide?


  Children may behave in ways they think the adults want them to, rather than their true feelings.
• Why might the behavior observed in Bandura's experiment not translate to real-life violence?


  Dolls are not real people, and children's play behavior may differ with actual individuals.
• How might younger players be influenced by video games according to Bandura's theory?


  They may copy violent behaviors they see in the games.
• What language behaviors might viewers adopt after watching certain films?


  They may be tempted to use language similar to that in the films.
• What is the central idea of Bandura's media effects theory?


  People learn behaviors by observing media products, especially violent ones.
• Who introduced the Bobo doll experiments?

  Albert Bandura
• What did Sigmund Freud believe about aggression?

  Aggression is an innate emotional response
• How did post-war psychologists explain aggression?

  Through genetic disposition or hormonal imbalances
• What did P.A. Jacobs argue about institutionalized men?

  They often had an extra chromosome
• What is the main conclusion of Bandura's research?

  Behaviors are shaped by the environment
• What are the two processes through which Bandura concluded behaviors are learned?

  1. Direct experience
  2. Modelled learning
• What is direct experience in Bandura's theory?

  Learning through personal experiences of aggression
• How do children learn aggressive behavior according to Bandura?

  By observing aggressive models, like parents
• What is modelled learning in Bandura's theory?

  Learning by watching the actions of others
• What is vicarious learning?

  Learning by observing others' behaviors
• What did Bandura's Bobo doll experiments investigate?

  Whether children would imitate aggressive actions
• What was a surprising finding from Bandura's experiments with filmed sequences?

  Children imitated violent behavior from videos
• What are the three factors that amplify media modeling effects according to Bandura?

  1. Attentional processes
  2. Role models and social learning
  3. Retention processes
• How do attentional processes affect modeling?

  They depend on the observer's focus on behavior
• Why are televised models more effective according to Bandura?

  They hold viewers' attention more effectively
• What role do aspirational role models play in behavior modeling?

  They increase the likelihood of behavior imitation
• How does retention process affect behavior modeling?

  Visually vivid representations are retained longer
• What did Bandura argue about violence in media?

  Violence is endemic in media content
• Why do producers include violence in media according to Bandura?

  To quickly engage audience attention
• What is the relationship between gaming and real-life aggression?

  Gaming is often linked to real-life violence
• What are attention factors in gaming violence?

  Players control avatars to enact violence
• How do reward systems in games promote violence?

  Players are rewarded for violent actions
• What effect does casual violence in games have on players?

  It desensitizes players to real-world violence
• Why are video games considered immersive?

  Players often play in isolation
• How does realistic violence in games affect players?

  It blurs the line between real and virtual actions
• What is the purpose of the PEGI rating system?

  To classify gaming content by age appropriateness
• What type of content is restricted in PEGI 12-rated games?

  Minimal violence
• What is the restriction on drug use in PEGI 16-certified games?

  Depictions are limited to higher age ratings
• What does PEGI 18-rated games allow regarding violence?

  Violence on innocent characters
• What did Henry Jenkins argue about video game violence?

  Panic around gaming violence is based on flawed studies
• How does Jenkins view the social context of gameplay?

  Most gameplay occurs in a social context