Cell structure and function - Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria)

• What is cell theory?

  Cell theory is a unifying concept stating that cells are a fundamental unit of structure, function and organisation in all living organisms
• What are prokaryotes?

  Prokaryotes are bacteria cells that are made up of a single cell with no membrane bound organelles
• Where are prokaryotes found?

  They are found in bacteria and cyanobacteria in the kingdom prokaryote
• What are the organelles in bacteria cell?

  • Capsule
  • Cell wall
  • 70s ribosomes
  • Plasmids
  • Nucleoid
• What is a capsule?

  • Polysaccharide layer outside the cell wall
  • Protects cells from drying out, being engulfed by
• What is a cell wall?

  Made of long chained molecule made up of a sugar and amino acids called peptidoglycan
• What is 70s ribosomes?

  • Makes proteins
  • 70S (S is a svedburg, a measure of size by rate of sedimentation)
• What is plasmids?

  • Double - stranded
  • DNA in a circular structure
  • Often contains additional genes that aid the bacterium's survival, such as antibiotic resistance or toxin producing genes
• What is nucleoid?

  • Region where single circular, length of DNA is folded
  • DNA carries all essential information