muscular system

• What are the three main functions of the muscular system?


  Movement, support, and regulating body temperature
• How do muscles help in movement?

  They facilitate both voluntary and involuntary movements
• What role do muscles play in supporting the body?


  They support and stabilize joints to maintain good posture
• How do muscles regulate body temperature?

  Muscles produce heat by contracting, such as during shivering
• Name a muscle located in the upper back and shoulders.

  Trapezius
• What type of muscle is the bicep?


  Skeletal muscle
• What is the function of smooth muscle?


  Found in the internal body system, it is involuntary
• What is unique about cardiac muscle?


  It works non-stop without tiring to pump blood
• What are the two types of muscle contractions?

  Isometric and isotonic contractions
• What is an agonist muscle?


  The muscle that is working to cause movement
• What is an antagonist muscle?


  The muscle relaxing to allow the agonist to move
• What happens during isometric contraction?


  The muscles contract but the length doesn’t change
• What is concentric contraction?


  When the muscle shortens during contraction
• What is eccentric contraction?


  When the muscle lengthens during contraction
• What type of contraction occurs during a squat?

  Isotonic contraction
• What is the role of the quadriceps during the downward phase of a squat?


  It undergoes eccentric contraction, lengthening
• What are the two types of muscle fibers?

  Slow twitch (Type I) and fast twitch (Type II)
• What activities are suited for individuals with high proportions of fast twitch muscle fibers?


  Activities that require speed, strength, or power
• What is the primary energy source for fast twitch muscle fibers?

  Anaerobic respiration
• What is the primary energy source for slow twitch muscle fibers?

  Aerobic respiration
• What is hypertrophy?


  The increase in size of muscles due to exercise
• What happens to muscle fibers during strength training?


  They increase in size and strength
• What is the effect of aerobic training on skeletal muscles?


  Increased number of myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood vessels
• How does muscle temperature change during exercise?


  It rises due to increased activity
• What is the role of myoglobin in muscle fibers?


  It helps transport oxygen to the muscles
• What is the relationship between muscle fibers and fatigue?


  Slow twitch fibers are resistant to fatigue, while fast twitch fibers tire quickly
• How does the central nervous system influence muscle force production?


  It recruits motor neurons from smallest to largest to increase force
• What is the anaerobic effect during exercise?


  Not enough oxygen reaches the muscles, leading to fatigue
• What is the long-term effect of optimal training on muscle size?

  Muscles increase in size due to hypertrophy
• What is the primary function of arteries, capillaries, and veins in relation to muscles?


  To deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide or waste
• What is the effect of strength training on tendons and ligaments?


  They become stronger around joints
• Identify three physical changes that occur in skeletal muscle due to aerobic training.


  Increased number of myoglobin, mitochondria, and blood vessels
• What is the primary change in skeletal muscle due to strength training?


  Increase in muscle size or hypertrophy
• How do fast twitch fibers differ from slow twitch fibers in terms of contraction speed?


  Fast twitch fibers contract at a very high rate, while slow twitch fibers contract slowly
• What is the role of mitochondria in muscle fibers?


  They produce energy for muscle contractions
• What is the significance of myoglobin in muscle fibers?


  It helps muscles use oxygen efficiently
• How does the recruitment of muscle fibers occur during exercise?


  It occurs from slow twitch to fast twitch fibers as force increases
• What happens to muscle fibers during prolonged exercise?


  They may become fatigued due to lactic acid buildup
• What is the effect of increased blood flow to muscles during exercise?


  It provides a continuous supply of oxygen for energy production
• What is the relationship between muscle temperature and exercise intensity?


  Muscle temperature rises with increased exercise intensity