B1- Cells

• What type of cells are eukaryotic cells?


  Cells that make up eukaryotic organisms
• What is a eukaryote?


  An organism made up of eukaryotic cells
• What type of organisms are bacteria classified as?


  Prokaryotes
• What is the size range of prokaryotic cells?


  0.1-0.5 micrometres
• What are plasmids?


  Small rings of DNA found in prokaryotic cells
• What organelles are absent in prokaryotic cells?


  Mitochondria and chloroplasts
• Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?


  No, they do not have a nucleus
• What is the structure of DNA in prokaryotic cells?


  A single DNA loop
• In which types of organisms are eukaryotic cells found?


  Plants, animals, fungi, and protists
• What is the size range of eukaryotic cells?


  10-100 micrometres
• How much larger can eukaryotic cells be compared to prokaryotic cells?


  Up to 1000 times larger
• What is a prokaryote made up of?


  Prokaryotic cells
• What are the main components of prokaryotic cells?


  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
  • Mesosome
  • Nucleoid
  • Cell wall
  • Flagellum
• What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?


  They synthesize proteins
• What is the role of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?


  It provides structure and protection
• What is the function of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells?


  It aids in movement
• What is the mesosome in prokaryotic cells?


  A folded invagination of the cell membrane
• What is the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?


  The region where the single DNA loop is located
• How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in terms of size?


  Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What is the primary function of the cell membrane in an animal cell?


  It separates the cell from the outside environment.
• What does it mean for the cell membrane to be selectively permeable?


  It controls what enters and exits the cell.
• What does the nucleus contain?


  Chromosomes (DNA).
• What is the role of ribosomes in an animal cell?


  They are responsible for synthesizing proteins.
• Where does aerobic respiration take place in an animal cell?


  In the mitochondria.
• What is the cytoplasm in an animal cell?


  A jelly-like fluid that fills the cell.
• What occurs in the cytoplasm of an animal cell?


  Most chemical reactions take place there.
• What are the main components of an animal cell?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes
  • Mitochondria
  • Cytoplasm
• What are the functions of the main components of an animal cell?

  • Cell membrane: Separates the cell from the environment
  • Nucleus: Contains chromosomes (DNA)
  • Ribosomes: Synthesizes proteins
  • Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration
  • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid where chemical reactions occur
• What is the main function of the nucleus in a plant cell?


  It acts as the control center, housing the cell's genetic material.
• What organelle is responsible for energy production in plant cells?


  Mitochondria
• What is the function of the vacuole in a plant cell?


  It is a fluid-filled sac that stores sap.
• What percentage of a plant cell's volume is made up of water in the vacuole?


  90%
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?


  They contain chlorophyll, which is needed for photosynthesis.
• What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?


  It is made of cellulose.
• How does the cell wall benefit plant cells?


  It helps the cell keep its structure.
• What type of cell is a bacteria cell classified as?

  Prokaryotic cell
• What are the main components of a bacteria cell?


  Cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, circular strand of DNA, plasmid.
• What is a plasmid in a bacteria cell?


  A plasmid is a ring of DNA.
• Why do bacteria cells not have a nucleus?


  Instead, they have a circular strand of DNA.
• What is the function of the flagellum in bacteria cells?


  It enables movement.