LE MIDTERMS 1ST SEM

• Absorption of this drug is increased in the neonate as compared with that of the adult?

  A.Diazepam

  B. Phenytoin

  C. Penicillin G

  D. Acetaminophen

  C. Penicillin G
• A newborn premature baby will be given antimicrobial agents as prophylaxis for infection. What route is appropriate?

  A.Umbilical cannulation

  B. Intramuscular

  C. Subcutaneous

  D. Oral

  A.Umbilical cannulation
• A neonate was suspected of having urinary tract infection and was given a water soluble antibiotics. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

  A.Drug will be ineffective

  B. Distribution is similar to that of an older children

  C. There will be limited volume of distribution of drugs

  D. More drug will be distributed in the extracellular compartment

  D. More drug will be distributed in the extracellular compartment
• A neonate was given a 14 day course of amikacin for sepsis. What examination will you request upon discharge to monitor the possible toxicity of the drug?

  A.Echocardiography

  B. Electric encephalogram

  C. Hearing test

  D. All of the above

  C. Hearing test
• A 72 year old was given antidepressant drug. What change will you expect with the absorption of drugs?

  A. Increased

  B. No change

  C. Decreased

  D. Unpredictable

  C. Decreased
• A 4 month old child will be given an antibiotic for his infection. What factor/s could greatly affect absorption of drug?

  A.Surface area

  B. Gastric emptying time

  C. Biliary function

  D. Microbial colonization

  A.Surface area
• Which topical antibiotic will you use for most Gram + organisms, including anaerobic, cocci, Neisseria, Tetanus bacilli and diphtheria bacilli?

  A.Mupirocin

  B. Polymyxin B sulphate

  C. Neomycin and Gentamycin

  D. Bacitracin and Gramicidin

  D. Bacitracin and Gramicidin
• Which part of the body would have the least penetration for topical medication?

  A.Axilla

  B. Face

  C. Forearm

  D. Scalp

  C. Forearm
• Which of the following drugs will have a notable course and intensity of pharmacologic effect among elderly?

  A.Benzodiazepines

  B. Analgesics

  C. Antibiotics

  D. All of the above

  A.Benzodiazepines
• Which of the following is a topical antifungal agent?

  A.Econazole

  B. Pantoprazole

  C. Lansoprazole

  D. Omeprazole

  A.Econazole
• Whichofthefollowingdrugswillhaveanincreasedin bioavailability when given to an elderly individual?

  A.Vitamins

  B. Acetaminophen

  C. Lidocaine

  D. Calcium

  C. Lidocaine
• Which of the following affects the compliance in drug administration among pediatric patients?

  A.Price of the preparation

  B. Palatability of drug preparation

  C. Volume of distribution

  D. All of the above

  B. Palatability of drug preparation
• Which layer of the skin will effectively increase a drugs half-life and enable a once a day dosing for drugs that have a short half-life?

  A.Stratum corneum, it acts as a reservoir thus extending the half-life

  B. Stratum spongiosum, it acts as a reservoir thus extending the half-life

  C. Subcutaneous fat, it acts as a reservoir thus extending the half-life

  D. None of the above

  A.Stratum corneum, it acts as a reservoir thus extending the half-life
• What will happen to the elderly hypertensive patient when warfarin and aspirin are given together?

  A.Hyperacidity

  B. Bleeding

  C. Hypotension

  D. Irregular heartbeat

  B. Bleeding
• What topical acne treatment may cause temporary yellow discoloration of the skin and hair?

  A.Dapsone

  B. Clindamycin

  C. Metronidazole

  D. Erythromycin

  A.Dapsone
• What problem maybe encountered with elixir formulation?

  A.Can cause sedation due to alcohol content

  B. Evaporation may decrease the concentration

  C. Uneven distribution of drug molecules

  D. Availability of preparations

  B. Evaporation may decrease the concentration
• What is the major factor affecting absorption of drugs given by intramuscular route?

  A.Site of injection

  B. Volume of drug

  C. Drug preparation

  D. Blood flow at the site

  D. Blood flow at the site
• Laurice, a 20 year old female has sought consult due to a small blister on her lip with a reddish base. This was eventually diagnosed as herpes simplex 1 (HSV1). What topical medication should be given to shorten the duration?

  A.Acyclovir

  B. Itraconzaole

  C. Fluconazole

  D. Crotamiton

  A.Acyclovir
• What factor/s increases the risk of adverse drug reactions among elderly?

  A.Forgetfulness

  B. Vision problems

  C. Polypharmacy

  D. All of the above

  D. All of the above
• What effect is anticipated because of the physiologic changes in drug metabolism in neonates and infants?

  A. Slower clearance of drugs

  B. Shorter half-life

  C. Same as an adult

  D. Less therapeutic effect

  A.Slower clearance of drugs
• Ms Lau, a ballroom dancer, applied a thin layer of topical anesthesia to her feet because she was anticipating her feet to ache since she will be out dancing with her friends. This was the same anesthesia her derma used on her face when she had a facial done. Unfortunately, her feet still ached. Why wasn’t the anesthesia effective?

  A.The anesthesia she used is expired

  B. The skin of the feet absorbs topical drugs poorly compared to facial skin.

  C. A and B are correct

  D. None of the above

  B. The skin of the feet absorbs topical drugs poorly compared to facial skin.
• Microsomal p450 system decreases with aging. Drug that undergo Phase I metabolism is not preferred in the elderly for what reason?

  A.Rapid metabolism

  B. Accumulation of drugs

  C. Rapid effect

  D. No effect

  B. Accumulation of drugs
• How does an occlusion dressing make a drug more effective?

  A.It ensures the drug is adhered to the skin all the time

  B. It prevents evaporation of the drug and its vehicle

  C. It prevents the drug from rubbing off on other items the patient comes in contact with

  D. All of the above

  D. All of the above
• How do you improve compliance among elderly in taking the prescribed drug?

  A.Advice the use of pill organizer

  B. Advice the medicines to take his drugs one at a time

  C. Hire somebody to take care of the elderly in taking his medicines

  D. Making him aware of all the adverse effects the drug can give

  A.Advice the use of pill organizer
• How do we observe optimal pharmacotherapy in elderly prescribing?

  A.Prescribe only one drug for every complaint

  B. Target appropriate condition

  C. Use pill organizer

  D. Prescribe a less expensive drugs

  B. Target appropriate condition
• Hepatic clearance of which of the following drugs is decreased with aging?

  A.Propranolol

  B. Salicylates

  C. Warfarin

  D. Lidocaine

  A.Propranolol
• Chloramphenicol given to a neonate may cause “Baby Gray Syndrome” secondary to what physiologic change in the neonates?

  A.Rapid absorption of the drug

  B. Slower renal clearance of the drug

  C. Widespread distribution of the drug

  D. Inability to metabolized the drug

  B. Slower renal clearance of the drug
• An elderly woman come for consult because she is sometimes suffering from dizziness. On examination you noticed the woman is slightly pale. Accordingly she is taking iron preparation. How will you explain her condition?

  A.She may be suffering from blood dyscrasia

  B. It is just a normal occurrence

  C. There is a decrease in active transport of iron

  D. All of the above

  C. There is a decrease in active transport of iron
• Among the following topical antibiotics, which is not generally used for the treatment of acne?

  A.Clindamycin

  B. Erythromycin

  C. Sodium sulfacetamide

  D. Retapamulin

  D.Retapamulin
• Among the following dermatologic problems, which is the least responsive to topical corticosteroids?

  A.Lichen simplex chronicus

  B. Stasis dermatitis

  C. Keloids

  D. Atopic dermatitis

  C. Keloids
• What drug is implicated in the development of cleft lip and palate?

  Phenytoin
• Is the statement "The shorter the duration of the exposure of the fetus to the drug, the more drug effect on the fetus" true or false?

  False
• Is the statement "Phenytoin is implicated in the development of cleft lip and palate" true or false?

  True
• Is the statement "Lipophilic agents will cross the placental barrier with ease" true or false?

  True
• Is the statement "Ibuprofen when given to a pregnant patient during the first trimester will lead to pregnancy loss" true or false?

  False
• Is the statement "Hadegens produces permanent congenital malformations" true or false?

  False
• Is the statement "Exposure to thalidomide during the 12 weeks AOG will lead to phocomelia and Amelia" true or false?

  False
• Is the statement "CNS will be affected by the effects of teratogens from 1 week AOG up to the time of delivery" true or false?

  False
• Is the statement "Category D drugs may be used provided that the benefits in certain conditions outweigh the risk" true or false?

  False
• Is the statement "All illicit drugs will produce adverse fetal effects such as microcephaly" true or false?

  True