Ch 12 Respiratory System

• external respiration

  exchange of air in lung capillaries

  • O2 inhaled into the air sacs of lungs
  • immediately passes into capillaries
  • carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs to be exhaled
• internal respiration

  exchange of gasses in the cells

  • occurs at same time between cells and capillaries
  • oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues
  • Co2 passes out of tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs
• mediastinum

  middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches
• bronchi

  each leads to a separate lung
• lungs

  lobes are not mirror images
• hilum

  1. blood vessels
  2. nerves
  3. lymphatic tissue
  4. bronchial tubes enter and exit
• what conducts air

  1. nose
  2. nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
  3. pharynx
  4. larynx
  5. trachea
• what helps with gas exchange

  1. bronchioles
  2. alveoli
  3. lung capillaries
• adenoids

  lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx, pharyngeal tonsils
• apex of the lung

  tip or uppermost portion of the lung
• base of the lung

  lower portion of the lung
• bronchioles

  smallest branches of the bronchi
• bronchus

  branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the lung, bronchial tube
• CO2

  gas produced by body cells when O2 and C atoms from food combine, exhaled through the lungs
• cilia

  thin hairs attached to mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
• diaphragm

  muscle separating the chest and abdomen

  • contract to pull air into lungs
  • relaxes to push air out
• epiglottis

  lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx

  • keeps food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing
• expiration

  breathing out (exhaling)
• glottis

  slit-like opening to the larynx
• hilum (of lung)

  midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lung
• inspiration

  breathing in (inhaling)
• larynx

  voice box, contains the vocal cords
• lobe

  division of a lung
• mediastinum

  region between lungs in the chest cavity

  • contains trachea
  • heart
  • lymph nodes
  • aorta
  • esophagus
  • bronchial tubes
• nares

  opening through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
• O2

  gas that makes up 21% of air

  • passes into the blood stream at the lungs and travels to all body cells
• palatine tonsil

  one fo a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx
• alveolus

  air sac in the lung
• paranasal sinus

  one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
• parietal pleura

  outer fold of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall
• pharynx

  the throat, includes

  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharnx
• pleura

  double folded membrane surrounding each lung
• pleural cavity

  space between the folds of the pleura
• pulmonary parenchyma

  essential parts of the lung

  • responsible for respiration
  • bronchioles and alveoli
• respiration

  process of moving air into and out of the lungs, breathing
• trachea

  windpipe
• visceral pleura

  inner fold of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
• what is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung

  apex
• adenoid/o

  adenoids
• alveol/o

  alveolus, air sac