APUSH Unit 4

• Who were the two main candidates in the 1796 presidential election?

  John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

  
• What was the electoral vote count in the 1796 presidential election?


  Adams won with 71 votes to Jefferson's 68
• What did George Washington warn about that was evident in the rivalry between Adams and Jefferson?


  Party division
• How was John Adams described in terms of personality?


  As "stuffy" and "crusty"
• What was John Adams' age during his presidency?


  62 years old
• What was John Adams' physical description?


  Short, chubby, and bald
• What was John Adams' major problem during his presidency?


  Relations with France
• What was the outcome of the debate over whether to help France or Britain?


  It led to Jay's Treaty with Britain
• What did Jay's Treaty entail regarding Britain?


  Britain agreed to evacuate remaining outposts and pay damages to West Indies ships
• What did Americans agree to in Jay's Treaty?


  To restrict trade with France and pay back Revolutionary War debts
• What was the consequence of breaking neutrality in the context of Adams' presidency?


  Adams had to deal with France's anger
• What was the XYZ Affair?


  It was a diplomatic incident where France demanded a bribe to meet
• What did France request during the XYZ Affair?

  A $10 million loan and a $250,000 bribe
• How did Americans react to the XYZ Affair?


  They were outraged and pushed for war against France
• What preparations did America make in response to the XYZ Affair?


  They prepared an army of 10,000 men and a navy
• What was the Quasi-War with France?


  An undeclared naval conflict with France
• What led to the end of the Quasi-War?


  Napoleon took charge of France and focused on European power
• What was the Convention of 1800?


  An agreement to end the Treaty with France and the Quasi-War
• What were the effects of the Convention of 1800?


  No war and further division among political parties
• What laws were passed during the tensions with France?

  Alien Laws and the Sedition Act
• What did the Alien Laws entail?


  Raised citizenship requirements from 5 to 14 years and allowed deportation of foreigners
• What was the purpose of the Sedition Act?


  To punish those who spoke out against the government
• What was the reaction of Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans to the Alien and Sedition Acts?


  They argued it limited free speech and violated the Bill of Rights
• What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?


  Political statements declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional
• What issue did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions highlight?


  The conflict between states' rights and federal government power
• How did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions reflect strict vs. loose interpretation of the Constitution?


  They argued that the federal government overstepped its constitutional authority
• Who were the candidates in the 1800 presidential election?

  John Adams and Thomas Jefferson
• What accusations were made against Thomas Jefferson during the 1800 campaign?


  He was accused of robbing a widow and having relations with his slaves
• What was the significance of the three-fifths clause in the election of 1800?


  It gave the South more political power due to its higher slave population
• What was Jefferson's approach to the Federalist policies during his presidency?


  He kept many of the same tax policies and did not attack the national bank
• What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?


  It allowed Adams to appoint 58 Federalist judges in his final days in office
• What nickname was given to the judges appointed under the Judiciary Act of 1801?


  The Midnight Judges
• What was the significance of the Marbury v. Madison case?


  It established the principle of judicial review
• What were the two questions the Supreme Court had to determine in Marbury v. Madison?


  1. Did Marbury have a right to his commission? 2. Was an order from the Supreme Court the right remedy?
• What was the ruling of the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison?


  Marbury's rights had been violated and the Supreme Court has the power to strike down unconstitutional laws
• What does judicial review mean?


  The power of the Supreme Court to determine if laws are constitutional
• What was Jefferson's military policy during his presidency?


  He reduced the army to 2,500 men
• What issue did Jefferson face with the Barbary Pirates?


  They were raiding American merchant ships
• What was the outcome of the Tripolitan War?


  The rebellion was stopped after four years
• What was the Louisiana Purchase?


  The acquisition of the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million