Social influence

• What are the three types of conformity according to Asch (1958)?


  1. Compliance: Temporary behavior change to fit in
  2. Identification: Change in behavior and private values only in the group
  3. Internalization: Permanent change of personal opinions to match the group
• What drives normative social influence (NSI)?


  Desire to be liked and avoid rejection
• What is the main motivation behind informational social influence (ISI)?


  Desire to be correct
• What was the overall conformity rate in Asch's critical trials?


  32%
• How many participants conformed at least once in Asch's study?


  75%
• What effect did increasing the number of Confederates have on conformity rates in Asch's study?


  Conformity increased with more Confederates
• What happened to the conformity rate when one Confederate gave the correct response?


  The conformity rate dropped to 5.5%
• How did task difficulty affect conformity in Asch's study?


  Increased ambiguity led to increased conformity
• What is a limitation of Asch's study regarding the influence of NSI and ISI?


  It can be difficult to separate their influences
• What did Parin and Spencer (1981) suggest about Asch's findings?


  They lack temporal validity due to cultural conditions
• What did Bond (1996) find in his meta-analysis of Asch's line judgment task?


  Higher rates of conformity in collectivist cultures
• What is a criticism of the task used in Asch's study?


  It lacks mundane realism
• What were the main findings of Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?


  • Participants adapted quickly to assigned roles
  • Prisoners showed signs of stress
  • Experiment was canceled early due to mental health concerns
• What roles were assigned in Zimbardo's experiment?


  Guards and prisoners
• What was the purpose of the guards' uniforms in Zimbardo's study?


  To establish authority and control
• What did Zimbardo's dual role as investigator and superintendent lead to?


  Potential experimenter bias
• What did Milgram argue about obedience to authority figures?


  Most people will show destructive obedience in the right situation
• What is the agentic state according to Milgram?


  A state of mind where individuals feel they are not responsible for their actions
• What was the maximum voltage used in Milgram's study?


  450 volts
• How did proximity affect obedience in Milgram's study?


  Obedience dropped when instructions were given via phone
• What was the effect of changing the location of Milgram's study?


  Obedience dropped to 47.6%
• what are the stages of social change


  1)drawing attention

  2)consistency

  3)deeper processing

  4)augmentation principle

  5)snowball effect

  6)social cryptomnesia