Nervous system

• What are the two main components of the nervous system?

  Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• What is the structure of the nervous system?

  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
  • Somatic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Nervous System
  • Sympathetic Nervous System
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System
• What is the role of the central nervous system (CNS)?


  The CNS provides conscious awareness and is involved in all psychological processes.
• What are the two main parts of the CNS?


  Brain and spinal cord
• What are the four main lobes of the brain?

  Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe
• What is the function of the occipital lobe?


  It processes visual information.
• What is the function of the temporal lobe?


  It processes auditory information.
• What role does the parietal lobe play?


  It integrates information from different senses and aids in spatial navigation.
• What functions are associated with the frontal lobe?


  Associated with Higher-order functions, including planning, abstract reasoning, and logic.
• What does the brain stem connect and control?


  It connects the brain and spinal cord and controls involuntary processes.
• What is the role of the spinal cord?


  To transfer messages to and from the brain and the rest of the body.
• What is a simple reflex action?


  A response that does not involve the brain, such as jumping from a pin prick.
• What is the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?


  To relay messages from the CNS to the rest of the body.
• What are the two main components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?


  1. Somatic Nervous System
  2. Autonomic Nervous System
• What does the somatic nervous system do?


  It facilitates communication between the CNS and the outside world.
• What is the role of sensory receptors in the somatic nervous system?


  They carry information to the spinal cord and brain.
• What is the function of motor pathways in the somatic nervous system?


  They allow the brain to control movement.
• What is the role of the autonomic nervous system?


  It plays an important role in homeostasis, maintaining internal processes.
• What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system?


  1. Sympathetic Nervous System
  2. Parasympathetic Nervous System
• What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system?


  It prepares the body for fight or flight responses.
• What physiological changes occur during sympathetic activation?


  Heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate increase.
• What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?


  To relax the body and return it to a normal resting state.
• What happens to heart rate and breathing rate during parasympathetic activation?


  They slow down.
• What are the similarities and differences between the components of the CNS and PNS?


  Similarities:

  • Both control involuntary processes.
  • Both are essential for communication within the body.

  
  

  Differences:

  • CNS includes the brain and spinal cord; PNS includes somatic and autonomic systems.
  • CNS is involved in higher-order thinking; PNS relays messages to the body.
• What are the similarities and differences between the sympathetic and somatic nervous systems?

  Similarities:

  • Both respond to external stimuli.

  
  

  Differences:

  • Sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for fight or flight; somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements.
  • Sympathetic has motor pathways only; somatic has sensory and motor pathways.
• What are the similarities and differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?


  Similarities:

  • Both are components of the autonomic nervous system.

  
  

  Differences:

  • Sympathetic prepares the body for action; parasympathetic relaxes the body.
  • Sympathetic increases heart rate; parasympathetic decreases heart rate.